Myriophyllum dicoccum F.Muell.

Species

Angiosperms > Saxifragales > Haloragaceae > Myriophyllum

Characteristics

Aquatic. Stem branched, freely floating. Immersed leaves in whorls of 4-5, 1½-2½ by c. 1 cm in outline, patent to recurved, with 4-7(-10) pairs of filiform, rather weak, brown-tipped, finely mucronate, 5-10 mm long segments. Lower aerial leaves verticillate or alternate, pinnate, the upper ones obovate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, above the middle with 2-4(-7) pairs of dark mucronate teeth, sometimes entire, patent, upward erecto-patent, 10-25 by 1-3 mm. Flowers solitary in the middle and upper leaf-axils, or together with 1 or more reduced, cleisto-gamous flower(s), ☿, on a shortly cylindrical, up to ½ mm long pedicel. Bracteoles ± elliptic, with appressed, brown, serrate teeth, acute, with 1-3 nerves, 1½-2 by 0.4-0.8 mm. Sepals ± ovate obtuse or acute, serrate, with a brown margin, erect, 0.2-0.5 by 0.2-0.5 mm. Petals patent to recurved in anthesis, finally caducous, c. 2 mm long. Stamens 4, rarely 8; anthers stiffly erect, linear lanceolate, c. 1½ by 0.3 mm, with brown mucronate apex. Ovary 2-celled, with 1(-2) ovules in each cell, sometimes 3-4-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 2(-4), 0.2-0.4 by 0.2 mm. Stigma not or slightly recurved. Fruit c. 1½ by 1 mm, with 2, sometimes 3 or 4 mericarps, smooth or indistinctly lengthwise lineolate, with a c. 0.5 by 0.4 mm long, erect or patent stalk. Cleistogamous flowers: without perianth segments, ovary 2-celled, ± circular, laterally flattened, with 2 ovules, fruit c. ½ by ½ mm, with 2 elliptic seeds; bracteoles ovate, c. ½ by 0.4 mm; pedicel up to 4 mm in fruit.
More
Plants monoecious and with bisexual flowers. Stem sparsely branched, 30-50(-80) cm; internodes 2-12 mm. Submerged leaves scattered or 2-5-whorled, pectinate, broadly ovate in outline, 2-3 × 1-2 cm; segments in 4-12 pairs, filiform, 5-10 mm, apex finely mucronate; emergent leaves alternate, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 0.7-1.7 × 0.5-1.5 cm, margin entire or shortly toothed distally. Inflorescence of axillary, irregular dichasia of 1-5 flowers, female ones remaining submerged throughout development, male and bisexual ones borne on emergent part of stem; bracts leaflike; bracteoles deltoid, inconspicuous. Male flowers sessile, 4-merous; sepals deltoid, ca. 0.2 mm; petals red, ca. 1.8 mm, late caducous; stamens 4. Female flowers sessile or pedicellate, 2-merous; sepals deltoid, ca. 0.1 mm; petals absent or vestigial; ovary 2-loculed; styles clavate; stigmas red, capitate, not fimbriate. Bisexual flowers sessile, 4-merous; stigmas developing after pollen release, fimbriate. Fruit sessile or shortly pedicellate, olive-brown, 2-loculed (female flowers) or 4-loculed (bisexual flowers), ca. 1 mm; mericarps cylindric, smooth or sparsely tuberculate, apex truncate. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
Weak perennial aquatic herb, monoecious but with bisexual flowers also present. Stems 30–50 cm long. Leaves: submerged leaves scattered or in whorls of up to 5, broadly ovate, pectinate, with up to 16 pinnae, lamina 3–3.5 cm long; emergent leaves alternate to irregular, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, entire or shortly toothed in distal half, lamina 15–23 mm long. Bracteoles cucullate, 0.7–0.8 mm long, red-hyaline. Flowers in irregular dichasia of 1–5 in axils of submerged and emergent leaves. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile; sepals deltoid, 0.2 mm long; petals 1.8 mm long, tardily caducous, red; stamens 4. Bisexual flowers similar, but styles, fimbriate stigmas and 4-celled ovary developing after pollen release. Female flowers 2-merous, sessile or pedicellate; sepals deltoid, 0.1 mm long; petals absent or vestigial; ovary 2-locular; styles clavate; stigmas non-fimbriate, red. Fruit sessile or shortly pedicellate, 2-or 4-locular, olive-brown; mericarps cylindrical, c. 0.9–1.4 mm long, truncate, smooth or minutely and sparsely tuberculate.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

In lake, at 15 m.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Myriophyllum dicoccum world distribution map, present in Australia, China, India, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:430405-1
WFO ID wfo-0001261380
COL ID 458YX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Myriophyllum dicoccum