Nerium oleander L.

Oleander (en), Laurier rose (fr), Oléandre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Nerium

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree, 1-4 m high. Leaves ternate; lamina coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, 50-210 x 10-35 mm, acuminate or acute at apex, cuneate at base; petioles 3-10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, thyrsoid, lax. Flowers actinomorphic, ornamental. Calyx free, narrowly triangular to narrowly ovate. Corolla showy, white, pink to wine-red, yellow or salmon; tube infundibuliform; lobes in bud overlapping to right, obovate, rounded, entire; corona of 5 truncate epipetalous parts, 3-8-lobed. Stamens 5; filaments short; anthers 4-locular, narrowly triangular, fertile at sagittate base, introrse, with filiform apical appendages. Ovary broadly ovoid. Follicles 2, narrowly oblong. Seeds oblong with 9-12 mm long tuft of hairs at truncate apex.
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Much-branched shrub to c. 4 m high. Lvs shortly petiolate; lamina 8-15 × 1-2.5 cm on flowering shoots, to c. 25 × 4 cm on vegetative suckering shoots, narrow-elliptic or linear-elliptic, coriaceous, puberulent beneath, especially in stomatal pits; lateral veins numerous, parallel and conspicuous below. Infl. puberulent, peduncles and pedicels reddish. Calyx 5-8 mm long, densely puberulent, reddish purple; lobes acuminate. Corolla 3.5-5 cm long, pink or rose, shining red in bud; tube ampliate; lobes 2.5-3 cm long, obovate, slightly asymmetric; corona deeply laciniate. Fls sometimes semi-double; single fls with densely pilose stamen awns c. 1 cm long. Frs uncommon, to c. 18 cm long.
Shrub to 6 m high. Leaves 3-whorled, rarely opposite; petiole 3–10 mm long; lamina narrowly elliptic, to 21 cm long, to 3.5 cm wide, cuneate, acute or shortly acuminate, discolorous. Inflorescence to 10 cm long. Flowers 2–2.5 cm long, 3–6 cm diam.; pedicels 2–3 mm long. Sepals triangular to ovate, 3–10 mm long. Corolla white, pink, red, yellow or salmon; tube 12–22 mm long; lobes obovate, 13–30 mm long, 8–25 mm wide; corona of 5 truncate appendages with up to 8 smaller lobes. Stamens inserted 5–9 mm from corolla top. Fruit 7.5–17.5 cm long, 1–1.3 cm diam.
cels 5-13 mm long, puberulent; bracteole 1, ovate, 4-5 mm long, variously placed; calyx-lobes ? ovate, somewhat keeled, ca. 5-7 mm long, pubescent, somewhat foliaceous and pinkish; corolla white or pink-orange to scarlet, "gla-brous externally, the tube proper 8-12 mm long, about 1.5 mm in diameter at the base, the throat conic-campanulate, 9-10 mm long, about 7 mm in di-ameter at the orifice, the lobes obliquely obovate to obovate-oblong, 20-25 mm long, spreading; follicles relatively stout, 8-15 cm long."
Erect, woody, poisonous shrub, up to 2 m tall, branching mainly from base, spineless. Leaves lanceolate, 50-150 x 15-25 mm, opposite to whorled, leathery, transversely feather-veined. Flowers in lax, terminal cymes. Corolla salver-shaped, 30-50 mm diam., tube cylindrical, abruptly widened around middle, lobes spreading, 15-20 mm long, pink, red or white, with laciniate, corolline corona attached to base of lobes.
Stem to 6 m tall. Leaves very narrowly elliptic, 5-21 X 1-3.5 cm, leathery, base cuneate or decurrent on petiole, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers showy, fragrant. Sepals narrowly triangular to narrowly ovate, 3-10 mm. Corolla purplish red, pink, white, salmon, or yellow, tube 1.2-2.2 cm; lobes 1.3-3 cm, single or double. Follicles cylindric, 12-23 cm. Seeds oblong, coma 0.9-1.2 cm. Fl. spring-autumn. 2n = 22.
Shrubs, or small trees, the younger stems puberulent. Leaves mostly ternate, oblong-lanceolate, acute-acuminate, attenuate basally, to 20 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, puberulent beneath when young, the midrib pronounced, the lateral veins obscure; petioles 3-10 mm long, glandular in the axils. Inflorescences thyrsiform, the primary peduncle ca. 6-9 cm long. Flowers double or triple in Panama; pedi-
Erect, woody, poisonous shrub up to 2 m, branching mainly from base, spineless. Leaves lanceolate, 50-150 x 15-25 mm, opposite to whorled, leathery. Flowers in lax, terminal cymes. Corolla salver-shaped, 30-50 mm diam., tube cylindrical, abruptly widened around middle, lobes spreading, 15-20 mm long, pink, red or white, with laciniate corolline corona attached to base of lobes.
A shrub or small tree.. Leaves opposite or ternate, thick and poisonous.. Attractive, fragrant flowers that are white, crimson or pink.
Trees or shrubs or climbers. Leaves opposite or in whorls. Flowers: corolla tube not yellow, < 3 cm long; anthers with long appendages
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 1.25 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 3.7 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

River banks and river gravels in Europe. Seasonally dry rocky watercourses.
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River banks and river gravels in Europe. Seasonally dry rocky watercourses.
Usually found near old habitations.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses afforestation dye environmental use food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison ornamental poison vertebrate poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Cardiotonic agents (bark), Diuretics (bark), Earache (bark), Heart diseases (bark), Leprosy (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Washerman's itch (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Antineoplastic agents (flower), Anxiety disorders (flower), Aphrodisiacs (flower), Cardiotonic agents (flower), Central nervous system diseases (flower), Diuretics (flower), Eye infections (flower), Headache (flower), Hemorrhoids (flower), Hypolipidemic agents (flower), Immunomodulation (flower), Inflammation (flower), Insecticides (flower), Joint dislocations (flower), Liver diseases (flower), Muscular diseases (flower), Pain (flower), Scabies (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Ulcer (flower), Furunculosis (fruit), Vaginal diseases (fruit), Analgesics (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Anticonvulsants (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antimutagenic agents (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Ascites (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Back pain (leaf), Blister (leaf), Burns (leaf), Cardiotonic agents (leaf), Cardiovascular agents (leaf), Cardiovascular diseases (leaf), Chancre (leaf), Chest pain (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Earache (leaf), Eczema (leaf), Edema (leaf), Emetics (leaf), Endophthalmitis (leaf), Eye diseases (leaf), Fever (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Galactogogues (leaf), Heart diseases (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Hypersensitivity (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Insect bites and stings (leaf), Insect repellents (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Lipid peroxidation (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Migraine disorders (leaf), Mouthwashes (leaf), Nervous system diseases (leaf), Periodontal diseases (leaf), Anti-poisoning (leaf), Pregnancy complications (leaf), Pruritus (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Scorpion stings (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Syphilis (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Lacrimal apparatus diseases (leaf), Antifungal agents (plant exudate), Blister (plant exudate), Hypersensitivity (plant exudate), Urinary bladder calculi (rhizome), Urinary calculi (rhizome), Abdominal pain (root), Abortifacient agents (root), Analgesics (root), Anthelmintics (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Antidotes (root), Antifungal agents (root), Anti-infective agents, local (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antineoplastic agents (root), Antipruritics (root), Antipyretics (root), Antitoxins (root), Aphrodisiacs (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Arthralgia (root), Ascites (root), Asthma (root), Cardiotonic agents (root), Cardiovascular agents (root), Central nervous system depressants (root), Chancre (root), Contraceptive agents (root), Diabetes mellitus (root), Digestive system diseases (root), Diuretics (root), Eczema (root), Endophthalmitis (root), Eye diseases (root), Fever (root), Headache (root), Heart diseases (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Impetigo (root), Insect bites and stings (root), Insecticides (root), Leprosy (root), Molluscacides (root), Neoplasms (root), Nervous system diseases (root), Oxytocics (root), Pain (root), Penis diseases (root), Anti-poisoning (root), Pruritus (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Scorpion stings (root), Skin diseases (root), Snake bites (root), Sterilization, reproductive (root), Syphilis (root), Ulcer (root), Urinary bladder calculi (root), Urination disorders (root), Vitiligo (root), Wound healing (root), Antipruritics (seed), Insect bites and stings (seed), Wound healing (seed), Ulcer (shoot), Anti-bacterial agents (stem), Diabetes mellitus (stem), Insecticides (stem), Aposteme (unspecified), Atheroma (unspecified), Carcinoma (unspecified), Cardiac (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Corn (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Homicide (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Psoriasis (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Raticide (unspecified), Rodenticide (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Weakness (unspecified), Epithelioma (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Sternutatory (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Fungus (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Larvicide (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Resolvent (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Suicide (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Trauma (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Abortifacient (unspecified), Chancre (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antidotes (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipruritics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antitussive agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Cardiovascular diseases (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Dermatitis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Eye drops (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Heart rate (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Respiratory tract diseases (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Toothbrush (unspecified), Tuberculosis, pulmonary (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Antifungal agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity very strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity very strong toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 22
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -2
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Nerium oleander habit picture by Laurent Calon (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander habit picture by Kilian Louise (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander habit picture by Maza Daniel (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Nerium oleander leaf picture by scanna Sarah (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander leaf picture by Pieter Verbrugghe (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander leaf picture by elena (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Nerium oleander flower picture by Alexandra Fessard (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander flower picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander flower picture by Kathy Steri (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Nerium oleander fruit picture by Faiza Ghe (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander fruit picture by manuelmm (cc-by-sa)
Nerium oleander fruit picture by Stefano Franchitti (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Nerium oleander world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Nerium oleander threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:80460-1
WFO ID wfo-0000251577
COL ID 4768L
BDTFX ID 75257
INPN ID 109584
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nerium carneum Nerium odoratissimum Nerium odoratum Nerium odorum Nerium oleander Nerion oleandrum Nerium flavescens Nerium japonicum Nerium kotschyi Nerium luteum Nerium mascatense Nerium splendens Nerium thyrsiflorum Nerium verecundum Nerium floridum Nerium grandiflorum Nerium latifolium Nerium lauriforme Nerium indicum Nerium indicum f. leucanthum Oleander vulgaris Oleander indica Nerium indicum subsp. kotschyi Nerium oleander subsp. kurdicum Nerium indicum var. leucanthum Nerium indicum var. lutescens Nerium indicum var. plenum Nerium oleander var. indicum