Orthilia secunda (L.) House

Toothed wintergreen (en), Pyrole unilatérale (fr), Pirole unilatérale (fr), Orthilie unilatérale (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Orthilia

Characteristics

Shrubs evergreen, herbaceous. Rhizome long creeping, slender, 0.5–1 mm in diam., woody, branched. Stems erect or ascending, 2–10 cm, 0.8–1.5 mm in diam., simple, angular, longitudinally minutely papillose. Leaves in 1–3 subverticils of 2–4 each, alternating with 5–7 scales; petiole 1–2 cm, minutely papillose; leaf blade pale green abaxially, light green adaxially, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate or elliptic, 2.2–3.7 × 1.4–2.6 cm, thinly leathery to herbaceous, abaxially glabrous, adaxially slightly shiny, base obtuse to truncate, margin crenulate-serru-late, apex acute to subobtuse or mucronulate. Scape 7–14 cm tall, slender, 0.4–1 mm in diam., loosely and minutely papillose, angled; scales 5–8 at middle and base, narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 2–5 mm. Raceme with 8–15 rather densely arranged flowers along one side. Bracts broadly oblanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membranous, somewhat hyaline-margined, apex abruptly acute. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, slender, rather prominently papillose. Sepals overlapping at base, depressed-orbicular, 0.8–1 mm, margin minutely toothed, apex obtuse. Petals erect, greenish white, 3–5 mm. Anthers 1–1.5 mm, apex truncate; pores 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Style exserted, straight or slightly curved, ca. 4 mm; stigma peltate with 5 shallow lobes. Capsules 5-angular, ca. 4 mm in diam. Seeds with thin testa prolonged at both ends, fusiform to oblong; testa generally with 6–8 cells along longest axis. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 38.
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Plants rhizomatous, 1.2-2.7 (-3.3) dm. Leaves: petiole 4-20 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade dull and light green abaxially, shiny and green adaxially, (10-)20-47(-58) × 7-28(-35) mm, base rounded to acute, apex rounded to acute. Inflorescences (2-)3-29-flowered; peduncle 10-20(-25) cm, peduncular bracts absent or 2-7, subulate to narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 3-9 × 1-2 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate; inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate-ovate or narrowly ovate, ca. as long as pedicels they subtend, 4-9 × 0.4-1.8 mm, herbaceous. Pedicels (1-)3-7(-9) mm. Flowers: calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, entirely green or margins hyaline to white or pinkish, 0.5-1.5 × 0.5-1.3 mm, margins erose-denticulate, sometimes obscurely so, apex rounded to obtuse; petals broadly ovate, 4.5-6 × 3-4 mm, margins erose-denticulate or irregularly toothed; stamens 4-8 mm; filament base 0.1-0.3 mm wide; anthers 1.2-1.8 mm, thecae tan or light brown, pores 0.2-0.5 × 0.2-0.4 mm; ovary smooth; style 3-5(-7) mm; stigma 1.4-2 mm wide. Capsules depressed-globose, 3-5 × 4-6 mm. 2n = 38.
A herb or small shrub. It keeps growing from year to year. The stems are creeping, slender and branched. The leaves are narrowly oval and 2-3 cm long by 1.5-2 mm wide. There are teeth along the edge. They are pale underneath. The fruit is a capsule about 5 mm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support mycoheterotroph
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate and subarctic zones. In Pakistan it is found under conifers between 3,100-4,000 m altitude.
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Damp coniferous woods and on damp rock ledges.
Light 1-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Eye Medicine (root), Wound (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Orthilia secunda habit picture by Ornel Jokerrr83 (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda habit picture by Denis Bastianelli (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda habit picture by Denis Bastianelli (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Orthilia secunda leaf picture by Irene Slettemark (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda leaf picture by Denis Bastianelli (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda leaf picture by Di Abolique (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Orthilia secunda flower picture by ArtoKJ (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda flower picture by garcia (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda flower picture by Denis Bastianelli (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Orthilia secunda fruit picture by Denis Bastianelli (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda fruit picture by Jean Deschâtres (cc-by-sa)
Orthilia secunda fruit picture by Brigitte Seydoux (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Orthilia secunda world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Mexico, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:706921-1
WFO ID wfo-0000383734
COL ID 6T9CN
BDTFX ID 75273
INPN ID 111771
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pyrola secunda Pyrola elatior Orthilia elatior Ramischia secunda Actinocyclus secundus Actinocyclus secundus var. elatior Pyrola secunda var. vulgaris Ramischia secunda var. elatior Orthilia secunda

Lower taxons

Orthilia secunda subsp. obtusata