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Oryza rufipogon Griff.

Brownbeard rice (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Oryza

Characteristics

Perennial or sometimes annual, caespitose or stoloniferous (with nodal tillering). Culms decumbent and sometimes floating or erect to ascending, 0.6–3.3 m long. Leaves: ligule 9–40 mm long, acute; blade 8–60 cm long, (4–) 6–11 (–25) mm wide, adaxially scabrous or sometimes both surfaces smooth with only margins scabrous. Panicles 10–35 cm long; primary branches smooth to antrorsely scabrous. Spikelets disarticulating, (6–) 6.5–9 (–11.4) mm long; pedicel glabrous or scabrous. Sterile florets: lemma lanceolate to triangular, 1–2 (–2.5) mm long, acute (to slightly acuminate), glabrous or midnerve and/or margins scaberulous-ciliolate. Bisexual floret: lemma oblong or narrowly obovate, 5.5–7.5 (–8) mm long, awned, coriaceous to cartilaginous, 5-nerved (may appear 3-nerved); lemma awn (20–) 50–90 (–120) mm long, terete to subterete; palea mostly 5.5–7.5 (–8) mm long, with awn c. 0.5–1 mm long; anthers (3.5–) 4–5.5 (–7) mm long; stigmas blackish purple. Caryopsis obloid, lanceoloid or ±cylindrical, laterally compressed to ± terete, 5–6.7 mm long.
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Perennial, aquatic, tufted or stoloniferous. Culms decumbent, rooting and tillering at nodes, sometimes floating, lower part spongy, 0.7–1.5 m or more tall. Leaf sheaths slightly inflated below, upper sheaths tight, glabrous, auricles conspicuous, glabrous or ciliate; leaf blades up to 40 × 1–2 cm, margins and midrib scabrid, apex acuminate; ligule up to 17 mm. Panicle spreading, 12–30 cm, eventually nodding; branches 1–5 at lowest node, longest 2.5–12 cm, axils bearded or glabrous. Spikelets oblong, 8–11 mm, length 2.7–4.5 times width, yellowish green with reddish apex, deciduous; sterile lemmas lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, apex acuminate; fertile lemma finely reticulate with scattered short glassy hairs, flanks slightly sulcate, keel stiffly ciliate, apex acuminate; awn 5–40 mm or more, stout, scaberulous. Anthers 4–6 mm. Caryopsis reddish brown, 5–7 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–May and Oct–Nov. 2n = 24.
It is wild rice. It is a creeping grass. It has swollen roots. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 2.5 m high. The flowers are light brown. They are in panicles 13-25 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.9 - 1.75
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open places in swampy areas, edges of ponds and tanks, stream sides, ditches, in and around rice fields; usually found in shallow water up to 3  deep, also in seasonally dry areas; at elevations up to 1,400 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows on the edges of ponds or floating on water. It grows in wetlands. In southern China it grows below 700 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
Grows in wet, black, usually clay soil, in swampy places or water to 1 m or more deep in pools, margins of lagoons and rivers, on floodplains and in seasonal upland swamps. 
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Oryza rufipogon has potential as a wild rice food crop and source for improving domesticated rice (Henry et al. 2010, Wurm et al. 2012, Brozynska et al. 2017). It provides a gene pool that can be used to broaden the genetic background of cultivated rice in breeding programs, and has been used in breeding with O. sativa to increase resistance to diseases and tolerance to submergence.
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The seeds are eaten like rice. They are dried, have the skins removed and are then cooked. It is used as a reserve and famine food.
Uses animal food food gene source medicinal social use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Because it shatters, poor people tie the awns together to collect the grain.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Oryza rufipogon unspecified picture

Distribution

Oryza rufipogon world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Paraguay, Suriname, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Oryza rufipogon threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:410115-1
WFO ID wfo-0000882437
COL ID 6SZF2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 732314
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oryza aquatica Oryza cubensis Oryza fatua Oryza meridionalis Oryza glumaepatula Oryza jeyporensis Oryza nivara Oryza paraguayensis Oryza rufipogon Oryza paraguayensis Oryza perennis var. glumipatula Oryza perennis var. paragayensis Oryza sativa subsp. fatua Oryza sativa subsp. rufipogon Oryza sativa var. bengalensis Oryza sativa var. coarctata Oryza sativa var. fatua Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis Oryza sativa var. rufipogon Oryza sativa var. sundensis Oryza sativa var. abuensis Oryza perennis var. cubensis
WorldFloraDB 2024