Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.

Kikuyugrass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Pennisetum

Characteristics

Decumbent to semiscandent perennials, with creeping, cataphyll-covered rhizomes and long stolons 2.5-5.5 mm diam., rooting at nodes; when grazed or mown forming a close, compact, light green turf; plants with ☿ florets, or monoecious, or dioecious. Leaf-sheath light brown or almost white, ± membranous, usually with scattered, fine, tubercle-based hairs, rarely glabrous. Ligule 1-2 mm, a densely ciliate rim. Leaf-blade (1.5)-3-8-(25) cm × 1.5-2.5-(9) mm, at first tightly folded, later flattened, linear, gradually tapering, soft, glabrous, or with a few, fine, tubercle-based hairs, sparingly scabrid on margins and midrib near narrow subobtuse tip. Culm internodes shining, glabrous, extending as long, rooting, flattened stolons, with short to long ascending branches often closely clustered into tufts. Inflorescences borne on the short branches, usually consisting of clusters of (1)-2-4 spikelets partly or almost entirely hidden in the leaf-sheaths, very rarely a short, reduced, spike-like panicle exserted beyond uppermost leaf-sheath. Spikelets 1.5-2 mm, subsessile, or usually the terminal and sometimes the lateral spikelets pedicelled and subtended by (3)-5-15 ciliate, whitish, unequal (1.5-12 mm), finely scabrid bristles. Glumes unequal; lower 0, or sometimes a minute, nerveless scale, upper often 0, occasionally a short (3 mm), transparent, 3-nerved scale. Lower floret Ø: lemma = spikelet, 9-13-nerved, papery; palea 0. Upper floret ☿, ♂ or ♀: lemma ≈ spikelet, 9-11-nerved, papery; palea of same texture as lemma, rounded, with 2-4 smooth nerves; lodicules 0; anthers of ☿ and ♂ florets: 4-5 mm, with filaments much extended at anthesis, to c. 3 cm, and exserted from leaf-sheath giving patches of the plant a silvery appearance, of ♀ florets: 3-4 mm, on short filaments retained within spikelets; style and stigmas long-exserted from floret, 1.5-3.5 mm, stigmas connate, finely plumose, often bifid at tip; caryopsis c. 2 × 15 mm, oblong, slightly laterally compressed, brown. Plate 4B.
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Perennial, low, sward forming with slender rhizomes and extensive, stouter, much branched stolons. Vegetative shoots up to 20 cm tall, flowering shoots compact, 2–4 cm tall. Leaf sheaths loose, imbricate, subinflated; leaf blades linear, up to 15 × 0.2–0.5 cm on vegetative shoots, 1–4 cm on flowering shoots; ligule ca. 1.2 mm. Inflorescence reduced to 2–4 spikelets enclosed within the uppermost leaf sheath, only spikelet tips protruding; bristles very delicate, 1/2–3/4 as long as spikelet, scaberulous to ciliolate. Spikelets linear-lanceolate, 13–20 mm, acuminate; lower glume absent; upper glume cufflike, 1–3 mm or sometimes absent; lower floret neuter, lower lemma as long as spikelet, 10–13-veined, palea absent; upper lemma similar; anthers long exserted on threadlike filaments up to 5 cm; stigma simple or shortly bifid, up to 3 cm. Fl. and fr. summer–autumn. 2n = 36.
Perennial, 0.03-1.20 m high; creeps vigorously by rhizomes and stolons; culms closely sheathed, with abundance of bright green leaves. Leaf blade 50-300 x 3-7 mm, flat or folded, spreading; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence hidden, enclosed in uppermost leaf sheath, axis glabrous; filamentous stigmas and stamens with long filaments are clearly visible at flowering time; spikelet cluster sessile or nearly so; bristles delicate, scaberulous to ciliolate. Spikelet 10-20 mm long; glumes unequal; lower glume absent, upper glume 1-3 mm long, sometimes suppressed, glabrous. Florets 2; lower floret male or sterile, lemma as long as spikelet, tapering, without palea, glabrous; upper floret bisexual, lemma membranous to thinly coriaceous; anther 5.5-6.0 mm long and silvery, apical tufts of hairs absent. Flowering time Aug.-Apr.
Sward-forming perennial, with slender rhizomes, and stout rampant stolons amply clothed with pale subinflated leaf-sheaths; culms 3–15(–45) cm. high.. Leaf-blades 1–15 cm. long, 1–5 mm. wide, flat or folded.. Inflorescence reduced to a cluster of (1–)2–4(–6) subsessile spikelets concealed within the uppermost sheath; involucre sparse; bristles delicate, 1/3–3/4 the length of the spikelet, scaberulous to ciliolate.. Spikelets narrowly lanceolate, 10–20 mm. long; lower glume 0; upper glume ovate, 1–3 mm. long, rarely longer, sometimes suppressed; lower lemma narrowly lanceolate, as long as the spikelet, tapering, barren without a palea; upper lemma resembling the lower; stigma simple or shortly bifid, up to 3 cm. long, subplumose; anthers exserted on fine silvery filaments up to 5 cm. long.
Perennial 30-1 200 mm high; creeps vigorously by rhizomes and stolons; culms closely sheathed; leaves bright green and abundant. Leaf blade 10-300 x 1-7 mm; flat, spreading; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence of (1)2-4(-6) hidden spikelets enclosed in uppermost leaf sheath; filamentous stigmas and stamens with long filaments clearly visible at flowering time; spikelet clusters subsessile; bristles delicate, scaberulous to hairy. Spikelet 10-20 mm long; lower glume absent, upper glume 1-3 mm long, sometimes suppressed, glabrous; lower lemma as long as spikelet, tapering; palea absent; anthers 5.5-6.0 mm long, silvery, apical tufts of hairs absent.
Perennial, rhizomatous and stoloniferous, up to 1.2 m high, creeping vigorously by rhizomes and stolons. Leaf blades 50-300 mm long, 3-7 mm wide. Culms closely sheathed, with abundance of bright green leaves. Spikelets 10-20 mm long. Inflorescence partly enclosed in uppermost leaf sheath; filamentous stigmas and stamens with long filaments clearly visible at flowering time.
Inflorescence reduced to a cluster of (1)2–4(6) subsessile spikelets concealed within the uppermost sheath; involucre sparse; bristles delicate, 1/3–3/4 length of spikelet, scaberulous to ciliolate.
Rhizomatous, mat-forming perennial, sometimes to 30 cm. Leaves linear-oblong. Spikelets 10-20 mm long, enclosed in an upper leaf sheath.
Sward-forming perennial with slender rhizomes, and stout rampant stolons amply clothed with pale sub-inflated leaf-sheaths.
The silvery filaments of the stamens are conspicuously exserted from the leaf-sheath when in flower.
Inferior glume absent; superior 1–3 mm. long, sometimes suppressed.
Anthers exserted on fine silvery filaments up to 5 cm. long.
A creeping perennial with stout stolons forming a dense mat
Leaf laminae 1–15 cm. long, flat or folded.
Stigma up to 3 cm. long, subplumose.
Superior lemma resembling inferior.
Inferior lemma as long as spikelet.
Spikelets 10–20 mm. long.
Culms 3–15(45) cm. high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.12 - 0.2
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 2-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder material ornamental vertebrate poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 16 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Pennisetum clandestinum unspecified picture

Distribution

Pennisetum clandestinum world distribution map, present in China, New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:414980-1
WFO ID wfo-0000888823
COL ID 76JT2
BDTFX ID 119592
INPN ID 446729
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pennisetum clandestinum Pennisetum longistylum var. clandestinum