Pennisetum macrourum Trin.

African feathergrass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Pennisetum

Characteristics

Large, coarse, erect, perennial clumps with densely crowded leaves from stout, short, or sometimes far-creeping rhizomes; branching intravaginal. Leaf-sheath long, chartaceous, rounded, strongly ribbed, light creamy brown or sometimes pinkish, usually with scattered to dense, stiff, ± appressed hairs, sometimes glabrous. Ligule 1-2 mm, to 4.5 mm on upper leaves, a membranous densely long-ciliate rim. Leaf-blade (25)-40-60-(100) cm × 1-3 mm diam., inrolled or folded, or flat and up to 7 mm wide, linear, very long tapering, abaxially with some scattered hairs, scabrid above, adaxially deeply furrowed, ribs finely scabrid or smooth; margins scabrid above, tip long, fine, flexuous. Culm 75-120 cm, erect, terete, internodes very minutely scabrid below inflorescence. Panicle (16)-20-40 cm, spike-like, erect or ± nodding, straw-coloured, light brown to sometimes purple suffused; rachis densely finely scabrid. Spikelets 4.5-6 mm, densely crowded, almost sessile, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, solitary or rarely paired within an involucre of numerous, fine, minutely scabrid bristles, one bristle much stouter and longer 9-15-(20) mm, remaining bristles usually slightly > spikelet (6-10 mm). Glumes « spikelet, hyaline, glabrous, nerveless or 1-nerved; lower 0.5-0.8 mm or 0, upper 0.8-1.7 mm. Lower floret Ø: lemma 4-6 mm, 5-nerved, hyaline, very minutely scabrid; palea 0. Upper floret ☿: lemma 4.5-5.5 mm, 5-nerved, submembranous, smooth below, often minutely scabrid towards acute apex; palea 4-5 mm, of similar texture to lemma, 2-nerved, faintly scabrid towards apex; lodicules 0.3-0.6 mm; anthers 2.5-4 mm; caryopsis c. 2 mm.
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Tufted, reed-like perennial, 0.8-2.5 m high; rhizome creeping, often branched. Leaf blade 250-600 x 4-11 mm, hard, flat or sometimes rolled, glabrous or variably pilose; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence a cylindrical to subglobose, spike-like panicle, 60-250 mm long, light green or straw-coloured, often tinged purple; rachis cylindrical, ribs rounded, involucral stumps present or absent, scaberulous to rarely hairy; involucre of up to 20 slender, glabrous bristles, free to base; bristles unequal, mostly shorter to as long as spikelet; spikelets solitary, sessile. Spikelet 4-6 x 1 mm; glumes unequal; lower glume minute, up to 1 mm long or absent; upper glume 1/4-1/3 length of spikelet, acute or acuminate. Florets 2; lower floret male or sterile, lemma 3/4 to as long as spikelet, acute, palea absent; upper floret bisexual, lemma thinly coriaceous and similar to lower lemma; anther 1.6-1.8 mm long; without tuft of hairs at apex. Flowering time Nov.-May.
Tufted, reed-like perennial 800-2 500 mm high; rhizome creeping, often branched. Leaf blade 250-600 x 4-11 mm, hard, flat or sometimes rolled, glabrous or variably pilose; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence 120-250 mm long, light green or straw-coloured, often tinged purple; rachis cylindrical, ribs rounded, involucral stumps present or absent, scaberulous to rarely hairy; involucre sessile, of up to 20 bristles, bristles unequal, mostly longer than spikelet, one thicker and longer, glabrous, scabrid; spikelet solitary, sessile; culm scabrid, rarely long hairy below inflorescence. Spikelet 4-6 x 1 mm; lower glume minute, up to 1 mm long, or absent; upper glume 1/4-1/3 the spikelet length, acute or acuminate; lower lemma 3/4 to as long as spikelet, acute; lower palea absent; upper lemma thinly coriaceous, similar to lower lemma; anthers 1.6-1.8 mm long; without a tuft of hairs at apex.
Reed-like perennial from a creeping rhizome; culms 0.6–5 m. high, often robust, scaberulous or occasionally pubescent below the panicle; nodes brown.. Leaf-blades 10–45 cm. long, 2–10(–15) mm. wide, hard, glaucous, often convolute, with a filiform tip.. Panicle linear, often elongated, 6–40 cm. long; rhachis cylindrical with rounded ribs, with or without peduncle-stumps, scaberulous or sometimes pubescent; involucre enclosing 1 sessile spikelet, without a distinct stipe at the base; bristles glabrous, the longest 5–20 mm.. Spikelets narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, 2–6 mm. long, acute to acuminate; lower glume up to 1 mm. long, usually obtuse; upper glume 1/8–1/4 as long as the spikelet, usually acute to acuminate, occasionally obtuse; lower lemma ♂ or barren, 3/4 to as long as the spikelet; upper lemma scarcely differing in texture from the lower.
Perennial, tufted, up to 2.5 m high. Rhizome creeping, often branched. Leaf blades 250-600 mm long, 4-11 mm wide. Spikelets 4-6 mm long, 1 mm wide. Inflorescence light green or straw-coloured, often tinged with purple, 120-250 mm long; involucres of up to 20 bristles which are mostly as long as spikelets, 1 bristle longer than the rest; lower glume minute or absent, upper glume a quarter to a third the length of spikelet; lower floret reduced to a lemma; female-fertile (upper) lemma similar to lower lemma.
Perennial, up to 1.7 m tall. Leaves linear; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence a long, spike-like, cylindrical panicle, 120-250 mm long, involucral bristles glabrous and scabrid, mostly as long as spikelets, free at base, falling with spikelets (in Setaria bristles remain on axis). Spikelets 4-6 mm, straw-coloured; glumes unequal, upper reaching up to a quarter as long as spikelet; 2-flowered, lower floret male or sterile; upper floret similar in texture to rest of spikelet.
Panicle 6–40 cm. long, linear; rhachis cylindrical with rounded ribs, with or without peduncle stumps, scaberulous or sometimes pubescent; involucre enclosing 1 sessile spikelet without distinct stipe; bristles glabrous, the longest 5–20 mm.
Perennial to 1.7 m. Leaves linear. Spikelets 4-6 mm long, in a congested, cylindrical panicle 12-25 cm long, straw-coloured, involucral bristles as long as spikelets.
Inferior glume up to 1 mm. long, the superior 1/8–1/4 length of spikelet.
Culms 0.6–5 m. high, often robust, rarely-pubescent below the panicle.
Leaf laminae 2–10(15) mm. wide, hard, flat or sometimes convolute.
Inferior lemma 3/4 to as long as spikelet, acute.
Reed-like perennial from a creeping rhizome.
Superior lemma similar to the inferior.
Spikelets 2–6 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 2.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Pennisetum macrourum world distribution map, present in New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:415110-1
WFO ID wfo-0000888975
COL ID 76LHF
BDTFX ID 121778
INPN ID 789247
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pennisetum glaucocladum Pennisetum macrourum Panicum asperum Pennisetum riparioides Pennisetum tenue Perotis latifolia Pennisetum angolense var. laxispicatum Pennisetum giganteum var. minus Pennisetum giganteum var. trinervium Pennisetum macropogon