Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen.

Feathertop (en), Cenchrus à soies longues (fr), Pennisétum velu (fr), Pennisétum hérissé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Pennisetum

Characteristics

Tufted perennials to c. 35 cm; branching intravaginal from a short branching rhizome to 4 mm diam.; plants sometimes stoloniferous. Leaf-sheath flattened, keeled, firmly chartaceous, mostly glabrous, occasionally with a few scattered long tubercle-based hairs. Ligule 0.7-1.5 mm, a membranous densely long-ciliate rim. Collar hairs few, long, tubercle-based. Leaf-blade 8-30 cm × 2-4 mm, rather stiff, light green or bluish green, linear, flat, or folded and 0.6-1.5 mm diam., tapering, abaxially glabrous, strongly ribbed, ribs scabrid near tip, adaxially shallowly ribbed, minutely scabrid on ribs, sometimes with a few scattered, long, tubercle-based hairs; margins scabrid, tip acute. Culm 10-30-(45) cm, erect or geniculate-ascending, simple, or branching at lower nodes, internodes softly long-hairy below inflorescence. Panicle 4-11 cm, conspicuously plumose, broadly cylindric to subglobose, ± dense, light silvery green or light brown, rarely purplish; rachis softly long-hairy. Spikelets 8-11 mm, lanceolate, acuminate, cream, sometimes purple-tipped, solitary, or in clusters of 2-4, on very short, densely soft-hairy pedicels, surrounded by a plumose involucre of many, cream, sometimes purple, unequal bristles (25-40 mm), finely scabrid throughout with long soft hairs in lower ½. Glumes membranous, unequal in size and shape; lower 0.5-1.2 mm, broad, truncate-erose, nerveless, upper 2.5-5.5 mm, narrow, tapered, 1-nerved. Lower floret ♂ or Ø: lemma 7-9.3 mm, membranous, 7-9-nerved, very minutely scabrid with longer prickle-teeth on midnerve near acute tip; palea 6-8 mm, hyaline, keels with scattered short hairs, interkeel with minute hairs near bifid apex, occasionally palea 0; anthers 3.5-4.5 mm, occasionally 0. Upper floret ☿: lemma 8.5-11 mm, membranous, 7-9-nerved, glabrous, nerves minutely prickle-toothed; palea ± rounded, keels becoming scabrid and more prominent near bifid apex, interkeel minutely scabrid; lodicules minute, or 0; anthers 3.5-4.5 mm; styles connate; caryopsis c. 2.5 mm.
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Tufted, mat-forming, rhizomatous perennial, 120-900 mm high. Leaf blade 5-15 x 3 mm, narrowly to broadly lanceolate; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence an ovoid to subspherical spike-like panicle, 40-100 mm long, usually white; involucre enclosing 1 or 2 sub-sessile spikelets; involucral bristles unequal, some 4-5x as long as spikelet, most of them ± 30 mm long, plumose in lower part, occasionally outer ones sparsely plumose to glabrous, white, often turning yellowish at maturity. Spikelet 9-14 x 4 mm; glumes unequal; lower glume 0.8-1.0 mm long, obtuse or absent; upper glume triangular, 3.0-4.0 mm long, 1/4-2/3 length of spikelet, acute. Florets 2; lower floret male or sterile, lemma acuminate, scabrid on nerves, 6-13-nerved, palea reduced; upper floret bisexual, lemma membranous, acute, 5-nerved, nerves scabrid; anther 3.2-3.5 mm long, without tuft of hairs at apex. Flowering time Jan.-May.
Tufted, mat-forming perennial 200-900 mm high; rhizomatous; culms geniculate. Leaf blade 8-15 x 3 mm, narrowly to broadly lanceolate; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence 40-100 mm long, ovoid to sub-spherical, usually white; involucre enclosing 1 to 2 spikelets; involucral bristles unequal, some 4-5 x as long as spikelet, most of them about 30 mm long, plumose in lower part, occasionally outer sparely plumose to glabrous, white, often turning yellowish at maturity; stipe basal, 0.5-1.0 mm long, hairy. Spikelet 9-14 x 4 mm; lower glume 0.8-1.0 mm long, obtuse; upper glume triangular, 3-4 mm long, 1/4-2/3 the spikelet length, acute; lower floret male or sterile, lemma acuminate, scabrid on nerves, 6-13-nerved, palea reduced; upper lemma membranous, acute, 5-nerved, nerves scabrous; anthers 3.2-3.5 mm long, without tuft of hairs at apex.
Perennial; up to 0.9 m high; tufted and rhizomatous; mat-forming. Culms geniculate. Leaf blades 8-15 x 3 mm. Flowers: inflorescence a spike; involucral bristles nearly all plumose; some 4-5 x as long as spikelet; mostly ± 30 mm long; spikelets 9-14 x 4 mm; inflorescence usually white; 40-100 mm long.
Tufted perennial 3–7 dm; culms becoming villous distally; panicle tawny, ca 1 dm, the numerous slender bristles very plumose, spreading, 3–5 cm; spikelets ca 1 cm; 2n=18, 27, 36, 45, 54. Native of Afr., cult. for ornament, and occasionally escaped along the s. border of our range.
Perennial, tufted, up to 0.9 m high. Leaf blades 8-15 mm long, 3 mm wide. Spikelets 9-14 mm long, 4 mm wide. Inflorescence usually white, 40-100 mm long; involucral bristles nearly all plumose, some 4-5 times as long as spikelet, most of them ± 30 mm long.
Handsome plumose involucres up to 7 cm. long.
Perennial
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.55 - 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.9
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Light 6-8
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Pennisetum villosum unspecified picture
Pennisetum villosum unspecified picture

Distribution

Pennisetum villosum world distribution map, present in New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:187113-2
WFO ID wfo-0000889231
COL ID 76LBW
BDTFX ID 48243
INPN ID 112667
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pennisetum villosum Cenchrus villosus Pennisetum villosum var. humile Pennisetum angustifolium