Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene

Turkey tangle (en), Verveine nodiflore (fr), Phyla à fleurs nodales (fr), Verveine à fleurs nodales (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Verbenaceae > Phyla

Characteristics

Perennial creeping herbs; stems prostrate, mostly rooting at the nodes, usually 30-90 cm long; branches slender, procumbent or ascending, densely appressed-strigillose to minutely puberulent or glabrate. Leaves with the blades thick-textured, fleshy when fresh, spatulate or oblanceolate to obovate, sometimes elliptic or cuneiform, 1-7.2 cm long and 0.6-2.5 cm wide, rounded or obtuse (rarely subacute) apically, narrowed into a long-or short-cuneate base, sharply serrate above the middle with sharply acute or acuminate mostly appressed or subappressed teeth, entire basally, minutely or densely strigillose-puberulent on both surfaces or glabrous, the venation usually indiscernible on both surfaces or at least inconspicuous; petioles 2-8 mm long or obsolete, often so broadly cuneate-margined as to appear as though a part of the blade. Spikes at first globose, cylindric and elongate in age, 1-2.5 cm long when mature and 6-9 mm in diameter, densely many-flowered; peduncles solitary in each axil, slender, often much elon-gate, usually much longer than the subtending leaves, 1-11.5 cm long, densely or sparsely appressed-puberulent or strigose with antrorse canescent trichomes, or glabrous; bractlets closely imbricate, obovate or subrhomboid-cuneate, subequal-ing the corolla-tube, often broadly membranous-margined apically, mucronate-acuminate or muticous, glabrous or finely ciliate. Flowers with the calyx hyaline-membranous, flattened, about equaling the corolla-tube, deeply 2-cleft, slightly 2-carinate, the keels puberulent, the lobes lanceolate; corolla purple or pink to white, 2-2.5 mm long, slightly surpassing the bractlets, the limb exiguous, slightly strigillose.
More
Prostrate creeping herb, with slender often purplish stems 20–45 cm. long covered with fine medifixed hairs; rootstock woody.. Leaves often purplish, oblanceolate to obovate, 0.5–5 cm. long, 0.2–3 cm. wide, acute and sharply serrate at the apex, cuneate and entire at the base, glabrous or thinly pubescent with adpressed medifixed hairs.. Spikes purplish, cylindrical, 0.3–2.5 cm. long; bracts broadly obovate to oblate-cuspidate, 2–3 × 3–5 mm.; peduncles 1.3–8 cm. long.. Calyx dorsiventrally flattened, 1.4 mm. long, split almost to base abaxially and to about the middle adaxially.. Corolla mauve, pink or white with yellow centre, often white and purple in one inflorescence, and sometimes purple in bud, white when open; tube ± 1.5 mm. long; lobes unequal, 0.6–0.8 mm. in diameter.. Stamens 4, didynamous.. Stigma obliquely capitate.. Fruit rounded obovoid, 1.2 × 1–1.2 mm., divided into 2 pyrenes.. Fig. 4.
Perennial herb; stems angled, forming large dense mats to several m diam., rooting at nodes. Lvs shortly petiolate. Lamina 1-2-(c. 3) × 0.3-0.5-(1.5) cm, oblong or spathulate, dentate in upper 1/2, occasionally lobed, with appressed hairs on both surfaces; base attenuate; apex obtuse or subacute. Peduncles 2-6 cm long. Heads subglobose or ovoid, 8-12 mm diam. Bracts broad-ovate, acuminate, densely hairy outside; margins ciliate, purplish. Calyx c. 1.5 mm long; obtuse; margins ciliate, purplish. Corolla tube > calyx; limb 3-4 mm diam., mauve with orange throat, becoming pale with age; lobes subequal, rounded or sinuate. Nutlets 1-2 mm long.
A plant which forms a tight mat. It spreads by runners or stolons. It grows 3-15 cm high. These can be woody near the base. They produce many roots. It can spread 2-5 m wide. The leaves are small and opposite. The are oblong or sword shaped and narrow to a leaf stalk at the base. There can be some teeth near the end of the blade. The leaves can be smooth or covered with hairs. The flowers heads are round or oval and 1.25 cm across. They are on long flowering stalks. The flowers are pink and like clover flowers.
Perennial herb. Stems decumbent, rooting at nodes. Leaves shortly petiolate or subsessile; blade spathulate, obovate to narrowly obovate, 8-72 x 4-25 mm, base cuneate, margins entire in basal half, sharply and coarsely dentate towards apex; petioles up to 8 mm long. Flowers: in short, dense spikes; peduncles much longer than subtending leaves; calyx deeply 2-lobed; corolla with tube 1.5-2.0 mm long, 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower one 3-lobed, white with a yellow throat or mauve-pink; Jul.-Feb.
Much like no. 1 [Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene], but the lvs spatulate to obovate or elliptic-obovate, generally broadest a little above the middle, mostly rounded or obtuse at the tip and narrowed to a cuneiform, petiolar or subpetiolar base, often toothed only above the middle; 2n=36. Moist soil in many habitats, especially in disturbed sites; pantropical, n. in Amer. to Va. and Calif., rarely further. May–Oct. (Lippia n.)
Herbs, perennial. Branches many, creeping, rooting at distal nodes,minutely strigose. Leaves subsessile; leaf blade spatulate, 1-3 X 0.5-1.5 cm, papery, pubescent, base cuneate, margin distally sharplyserrate, veins inconspicuously 4-paired. Inflorescences cylindricto ovate capitula, 1-2.5 cm; peduncle 1-7 cm. Corolla pinkishpurple or white, glabrous. Capsules ca. 1.5 mm in diam. 2n= 36.
Corolla mauve-pink or white with a yellow throat, often white and purple in the same inflorescence, sometimes purple in bud, white when open, c. 2.5 mm long; tube 1.5–2 mm long and 1–1.5 mm broad at the mouth; limb 2–2.5 mm in diameter with the upper lip 2-lobed and erect, the lower lip larger, 3-lobed with the median lobe oblong.
Stems up to 2(3) m long, decumbent, terete and somewhat fleshy, drying ± angular and sulcate, rooting at the nodes; internodes 0.7–9 cm long; nodes somewhat thickened; branches 1–2 at each node, from leaf axils, up to 30 cm long, erect or the longer branches ± decumbent and sometimes rooting at the nodes.
Leaves somewhat fleshy, opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate, 0.8–7.2 × 0.4–2.5 cm, spathulate, oblanceolate or obovate, obtuse to rounded or subacute at the apex and sharply coarsely serrate at the upper part, cuneate and entire at the lower part; petiole up to 8 mm long.
Spikes short, dense, subglobose or shortly-ovoid at flowering time, and up to 1–2.5(3) cm × 5–9 mm at maturity, cylindric; peduncles (0.5)1–11.5 cm long; bracts closely imbricate, up to c. 2.5 × 2 mm, broadly obovate to oblate-cuspidate, persistent and ± accrescent.
Calyx compressed, membranous, deeply split almost to the base abaxially and to about the middle adaxially, persistent but hardly accrescent; lobes 1.5–2 mm long, hyaline or dark purple, shortly toothed on the keels.
Mericarps 1.5–2 mm long, sub-hemispherical, flattened at the commissural face, obtuse or rounded at the apex, glabrous, enclosed within the persistent calyx.
Indumentum of short appressed medifixed sharply pointed white hairs, sparse on old parts, ± dense on younger parts, mainly on leaves and floral bracts.
For description of variety occurring in Australia, following Munir (1993), see Phyla nodiflora var. nodiflora.
Prostrate perennial herb with long trailing stems radiating from a woody taproot.
Bracts often tinged purple
Leaves often tinged purple
A prostrate creeping herb
Flowers mauve or pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 3.0
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.2
Root system creeping-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate places but will grow in the subtropics and in semi-arid places. It needs well drained soil. It needs to grow in full sun. It can stand heavy frosts. It also grows in regularly flooded areas and near ditches and ponds. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,300 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 9-10. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Near the coast in Australia. A common weed in the warmer areas of China, where it grows along stream banks and in grassy places; at elevations from 300-2,300 metres.
Near the coast in Australia. A common weed in the warmer areas of China, where it grows along stream banks and in grassy places; at elevations from 300-2,300 metres.
Of moist places
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

There are forms that make excellent groundcovers and in some areas (e.g. Alice Springs) the species has been used as a lawn (Short 2000: 144).
More
The leaves are eaten. They are also used to brew a herbal tea.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal social use tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antioxidants (aerial part), Wounds and injuries (fruit), Abscess (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Dandruff (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Digestive system diseases (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Edema (leaf), Headache (leaf), Menstruation disturbances (leaf), Pain (leaf), Postnatal care (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Astringents (shoot), Diarrhea (shoot), Dyspepsia (shoot), Astringents (stem), Dyspepsia (stem), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Adenopathy (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Ischury (unspecified), Joint (unspecified), Knee (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Suppurative (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Vertigo (unspecified), Rash (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Arthralgia (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Dandruff (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery, amebic (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Graves ophthalmopathy (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Helminthiasis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Kidney calculi (unspecified), Lithiasis (unspecified), Lymphadenitis (unspecified), Lymphadenopathy (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified), Anthelmintics (whole plant), Anti-anxiety agents (whole plant), Anti-bacterial agents (whole plant), Anticoagulants (whole plant), Anticonvulsants (whole plant), Antifungal agents (whole plant), Anti-inflammatory agents (whole plant), Antipyretics (whole plant), Cardiovascular system (whole plant), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant), Demulcents (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Dysuria (whole plant), Epistaxis (whole plant), Erysipelas (whole plant), Furunculosis (whole plant), Hematologic diseases (whole plant), Hemorrhoids (whole plant), Hypnotics and sedatives (whole plant), Lipid peroxidation (whole plant), Liver diseases (whole plant), Lymphadenopathy (whole plant), Ulcer (whole plant), Urinary bladder calculi (whole plant), Urination disorders (whole plant), Cooling effect on body (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by small cuttings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Phyla nodiflora habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Phyla nodiflora habit picture by Didier EYCHENNE (cc-by-sa)
Phyla nodiflora habit picture by Chris Griggs (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Phyla nodiflora leaf picture by Ortiz Camarasa (cc-by-sa)
Phyla nodiflora leaf picture by tony Peytavy (cc-by-sa)
Phyla nodiflora leaf picture by Nino (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Phyla nodiflora flower picture by min (cc-by-sa)
Phyla nodiflora flower picture by Carlo Bocchetti (cc-by-sa)
Phyla nodiflora flower picture by j.j.colijn (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Phyla nodiflora world distribution map, present in Aruba, Angola, Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tunisia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Phyla nodiflora threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:194567-2
WFO ID wfo-0000270345
COL ID 4GZ6K
BDTFX ID 49119
INPN ID 113294
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lippia nodiflora Verbena nodiflora Blairia nodiflora Platonia nudiflora Verbena fruticosa Phyla fruticosa Lippia nodiflora f. repens Zappania nodiflora Zappania crassifolia Bertolonia crassifolia Zappania nodiflora Lippia nodiflora Lippia nodiflora var. vulgaris Lippia nodiflora var. tarraconensis Phyla nodiflora

Lower taxons

Phyla nodiflora var. reptans Phyla nodiflora var. minor (gillies & hook.) n.o'leary Phyla nodiflora var. nodiflora