Polypodium vulgare L.

Common polypody (en), Réglisse des bois (fr), Polypode vulgaire (fr), Polypode commun (fr)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Polypodiaceae > Polypodioideae > Polypodium

Characteristics

Rhizome widely creeping, up to 180 mm long, up to 4 mm in diam., irregularly branched, with phyllopodia up to 10 mm apart and up to 2 mm long; scales stramineous to reddish brown, lanceolate to ovate, up to 4 x 1.2 mm, adnate, margins with short, closely set projections. Fronds articulated, up to 570 mm long. Stipe stramineous, firm, up to 155 mm long, up to 1.2 mm in diam., glabrous, terete, often narrowly winged in upper 1/3. Lamina oblong, up to 450 x 70 mm, pectinately pinnatifid, basal lobes generally more widely spaced than those higher up, basal lobe pair reflexed or not, lobes herbaceous, pale to midgreen, oblong-obtuse, up to 36 x 8 mm, widening towards base, minutely denticulate, with clavate, 2-or 3-celled hairs occurring abaxially and/or adaxially. Costa and costules ridged adaxially; venation free, forked, ending in a hydathode near margins. Sori in a single row on either side of costules circular to oval, up to 2 mm in diam., discrete, but confluent when mature in smaller plants; exindusiate; receptacle nude. Spores yellow to pale brown.
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Rhizome long creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales pale brown, lanceolate with ovate peltate base, 4-5 mm, margin toothed, apex acuminate. Fronds remote. Stipe straw-colored, 5-10 cm, densely scaly at base, glabrescent upward. Lamina pinnatifid or pinnatisect, oblong-lanceolate in outline, 10-20 × 5-7 cm, herbaceous or subleathery, glabrous, apex shortly caudate. Segments 12-15 pairs, oblique, lanceolate, 3-4 × 0.5-0.8 cm, decurrent to adjacent lobes by very narrowly winged rachis, margin toothed, apex obtuse or acute. Veinlets hardly visible. Sori medial or slightly closer to costa.
Rhizome 2-4 mm in diameter, set with lanceolate acuminate, entire, concolorous brown rhizome-scales up to 5 mm long. Fronds erect, firmly herbaceous, spaced up to 10 mm apart; stipe stramineous to pale brown, glabrous, 18-170 mm long; lamina ovate-oblong to narrowly oblong-acute, 30-230 x 22-88 mm, pinnatifid to very near midrib into narrowly oblong to linear, obtuse to acute, entire (except for regular minute notches) lobes up to 45 x 7 mm, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib convex on both surfaces. Sori up to 22 per lobe, placed about halfway between costa and margin, up to 3 mm in diameter.
A small fern. It grows 15-38 cm high and spreads indefinitely sideways. The rhizome is tough and creeping. The fronds are sword shaped, leathery and dark green. They rise from the rhizome. It can grow in soil or attached to other plants or objects. The fruiting bodies or sori are large and round. They are bright orange to reddish-brown.
Epilithic or rarely epiphytic. Rhizome creeping, scales pale brown. Fronds erect, pinnate, lamina narrowly ovate to oblong, 80-200 x 35-75 mm, texture thickly coriaceous, lamina and stipe glabrous, margins entire to slightly wavy or irregular. Sporangia in round, exindusiate sori born in single row on each side of pinna midrib.
Rhizomes long-creeping. Stipes 2-20 cm long, lacking scales except at very base. Laminae ovate or narrowly elliptic, 1-pinnate, 10-25 × 5-9 cm. Primary pinnae in 10-25 pairs, oblong, obtuse, decurrent, minutely serrate, to 5 × 1 cm. Sori round or elliptic, in 2 rows either side of midrib.
Rhizomatous perennial. Fronds spaced, erect, soft, stipe glabrous, lamina ovate-oblong, pinnatifid to near midrib into oblong, entire lobes. Null Sori round, to 22 per lobe, to 3 mm diam.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination hydrogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.4 - 0.65
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.38
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate places. It is frost hardy. It can grow in both dry and damp places as long as the drainage is good. It suits hardiness zones 3-5.
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Rocks, walls and trees, as well as on the ground, in a variety of habitats but especially in humid shady conditions.
Light 2-7
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 6-9
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The roots are used to obtain flour for bread or porridge. The rhizomes are also chewed raw. They are used as a sweetener fresh or dried.
Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal
Edible rhizomes roots
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (rhizome), Biliary tract diseases (rhizome), Cathartics (rhizome), Cholagogues and choleretics (rhizome), Colic (rhizome), Depressive disorder (rhizome), Flatulence (rhizome), Leprosy (rhizome), Respiratory tract infections (rhizome), Alterative (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cholagogue (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Liqueur (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Sweetener (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cholagogues and choleretics (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Polypodium vulgare habit picture by Hélène (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare habit picture by Dimas Fernández Otero (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare habit picture by Hélène (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Polypodium vulgare leaf picture by David Nabergoj (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare leaf picture by Sébastien Ansel (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare leaf picture by Anton Heuven (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Polypodium vulgare flower picture by Santiago (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare flower picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare flower picture by Michel Cosme (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Polypodium vulgare fruit picture by Dimas Fernández Otero (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare fruit picture by claude lerat -gentet Mme (cc-by-sa)
Polypodium vulgare fruit picture by claude lerat -gentet Mme (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Polypodium vulgare world distribution map, present in China, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:300720-2
WFO ID wfo-0001107395
COL ID 4LHCV
BDTFX ID 51834
INPN ID 115016
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ctenopteris vulgaris Polypodium vulgare var. vulgare Polypodium vulgare subsp. issaevii Polypodium vulgare

Lower taxons

Polypodium vulgare subsp. melitense