Psidium guajava L.

Guava (en), Goyavier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Myrtaceae > Psidium

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees with peculiar pale brown bark that scales off in thin sheets; young twigs 4-angular, pubescent. Leaves elliptical to oblong, rounded, obtuse or apiculate at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base, 4-12 cm. long and 3.5-4.5 cm. broad, chartaceous, glabrescent on both sides, the midrib impressed above and prominent beneath, the lateral nerves 12-16 on each side, impressed above and prominent beneath, parallel and arcuate-anastomosing near the margin; petiole 3-4 mm. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-to 3-flowered, pubescent. Flower buds pubescent, constricted under the calyx, 1.0-1.5 cm. long. Calyx closed in the bud, ellipsoid, irregularly 4-to 5-fid at anthesis, its segments about 1 cm. long, sericeous inside. Petals 1.5-2.0 cm. long. Anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 3-to 5-celled; placenta 2-lamellate; ovules in a triple row at each side of the placenta, turned in all direc-tions. Berry pear-shaped or globose, 3-6 cm. in diameter, glabrate.
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A small tree or shrub 8-10 m high. It is evergreen. It has smooth bark which is mottled. The bark peels off in smooth flakes. The plant branches close to the ground. The branches are four angled. Trees are shallow rooted. The leaves are opposite, dull green and somewhat hairy. They are oval and somewhat pointed at both ends. They are 15 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The leaves have short leaf stalks. The flowers are white and showy and borne in loose irregular types of arrangements of one to three flowers. The petals are 1.5 to 2 cm long. Both self and cross pollination occurs due to insects. The flowers grow in the axils of leaves on new growth. The fruit are rounded and 4 to 5 cm long. They are green but turn yellow when ripe. The outer covering is firm and encloses a pink or nearly white sweet smelling edible pulp. This contains many seeds. It better selected varieties both the skin and the seeds are fully edible. Fruit vary from very acid to very sweet.
Shrub or small tree to 8 m high. Branchlets/young shoots 4-angled, ± appressed or spreading pilose-pubescent. Leaves with petiole 3–10 mm long; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong, (4–) 7–13 (–15.5) cm long, (3.5–) 4–6 (–7.5) cm wide, rounded at base, entire, obtuse to rounded at apex, ± coriaceous, appressed-pilose when young (especially below), becoming glabrous (especially above), dotted with numerous glands; lateral veins prominent, 10–14 (–20) on each side of midrib, impressed above, raised below. Flowers usually solitary (occasionally 3 together); pedicel 1–2.5 (–3) cm long. Calyx 7–10 (–15) mm long, pubescent, splitting irregularly. Petals elliptic to obovate, 10–20 mm long, white or cream. Fruit globose, ellipsoidal or ovoid to pear-shaped (pyriform), 3–10 cm long, cream or yellow, downy at first; flesh cream or yellowish to pink, sweet. See also Zich et al. (2020).
Shrub or small tree to c. 3 m high. Trunk smooth, light brown. Shoots quadrangular, densely hairy. Petiole 5-10 mm long. Lamina 8-14 × 4.5-7 cm, oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, densely hairy at first, especially on veins below, becoming glabrous above at maturity, abundantly dotted with glands beneath, ± rounded at either end; veins parallel and prominent, impressed above and raised beneath. Fls solitary; pedicels densely hairy, c. 1 cm long, with 2 subulate bracteoles c. 3 mm long. Hypanthium c. 5 mm deep, campanulate, densely hairy; calyx limb splitting into 4-5, prominent, hairy, glandular, lobes 7-8 mm long. Petals 10-13 mm long, elliptic, white, glandular-punctate. Stamens mostly slightly < petals. Style c. 1 cm long. Fr. globose or subglobose, 3-4 cm diam., becoming yellow; flesh pink, sweet. Seeds numerous.
Small tree to 12 m tall; bark pale brown or copper-coloured, thin, smooth, flaking off to reveal greenish layer beneath.. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 7–15 cm long, 3–5(–7) cm wide, rounded or acute at the apex, rounded at the base, densely pubescent beneath; lateral nerves 12–20 pairs, parallel, prominent beneath.. Flowers axillary, solitary or in small clusters; calyx completely enclosing the young bud; lobes 9 mm long, 5 mm wide, reflexed in open flower, whitish tomentellous inside.. Petals white, oblong-elliptic, 1.3 cm long, 8 mm wide.. Stamens ± 250, ± 1 cm long.. Style ± 1 cm long, slightly capitate at the apex.. Fruit light yellow with a pink or crimson blush, globose, ovoid or pyriform, 5–10 cm long with granular flesh, juicy central white or red pulp and numerous very hard seeds 3 mm long.
Trees, to 13 m tall. Bark gray, smooth, peeling in strips. Branchlets angular, pubescent. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 6-12 × 3.5-6 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent, adaxially slightly rough, secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein and usually impressed, reticulate veins obvious, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 in cymes. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 5 mm, pubescent. Calyx cap nearly rounded, 7-8 mm, irregularly opening. Petals white, 1-1.4 cm. Stamens 6-9 mm. Ovary adnate to hypanthium. Style as long as stamens. Berry globose, ovoid, or pyriform, 3-8 cm, with persistent calyx lobes at apex; flesh white or yellow; placenta reddish, well developed, fleshy. Seeds many. Fl. summer.
Small tree or evergreen shrub, 2-5(10) m high; young branches 4-angled, hairy. Leaves opposite, ovate to oblong-elliptic, apex rounded or acute, base rounded, leathery, venation impressed above, raised below, hairy below. Flowers in groups of 1-3. Petals 5, spreading, white. Stamens conspicuous, many, in many series, shorter than petals. Flowering time Oct.-Dec. Fruit green to yellow, many-seeded berries, 25-100 mm in diam., flesh white, yellow or pink, sweet, pleasantly flavoured.
Leaf-lamina up to 13 x 7 cm., elliptic or oblong-elliptic, apex rounded or acute, base rounded; lower surface densely puberulous; lateral nerves in c. 16 pairs, parallel, prominent beneath.
Small tree or shrub, up to 3 m high. Leaves opposite, veins prominent. Calyx tube prolonged above ovary, splitting irregularly at flowering time. Flowers white.
Calyx completely enclosing the young flower-bud; lobes c. 0·9 x 0·5 cm., in open flower reflexed. Ungulate, whitish-tomentellous inside.
Berry up to 10 cm. long, globose, ovoid or pyriform, usually yellow, with white, yellow or crimson flesh.
Bark smooth, pale brown, peeling over large areas; branchlets quadrangular.
Style c. 1 cm. long, slightly capitate at apex.
Petals c. 1·3 x 0·8 cm., oblong-elliptic.
Flowers white, solitary, axillary.
Small tree up to 10 m. tall.
Stamens c. 1 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 8.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to C and S America. Guavas thrive in both humid and dry tropical climates. They do best in sunny positions. They grow wild and are also cultivated. In Papua New Guinea it grows well from sea level up to 1600 m and occurs up to 1900 m. In Nepal it grows up to 1400 m altitude. It is killed by frost. They fruit better where there is a cooler season. Temperatures near 30°C give best production. They are very widely distributed in open places and secondary forests throughout the islands of the Philippines and Papua New Guinea and can become weedy under some conditions. They produce better in soils with good organic matter. They prefer a well drained soil but can stand some water-logging. A pH of 5 to 7 is suitable. It can tolerate a pH from 4.6-8.9. Trees cannot tolerate salty conditions. It does not do well on atolls. It can grow in arid places. An annual rainfall between 1,000-2,000 mm is best. It grows in Miombo woodland in Africa. It suits hardiness zones 9-12. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Rainforest (often regrowth rainforest or near habitation, plantations, roads), forest edges, vine forest, open forest to grassland, beach forest, Callitris-eucalypt forest in coastal dunal area, creek banks, roadsides, disturbed sites, pastureland; sometimes forming dense thickets. Sometimes invading undisturbed forest. On Christmas Island this species has spread rapidly through all disused mining areas but the fruit is rarely collected (Du Puy 1993).
Common in disturbed places often forming thickets in pastures, plantations and other similar habitats in the Pacific Islands.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Cultivated for its edible sweet fruits, eaten raw or cooked. The fruit may be eaten raw, but is usually stewed or made into preserves. Commercial cultivation is usually for juice production. The fruit is highly nutritious, containing vitamins A, B and C. Plants grown from seed will often fruit in their second or third year. Some cultivars have improved fruit quality, but do not usually reproduce true to type from seed. Naturalised populations usually have fruit of inferior quality, with little flesh and many seeds. A decoction of the leaves is effective against diarrhoea. The wood is hard and strong, and is often used for handles.
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The young leaves are eaten raw or cooked. The fruit are eaten raw. The fruit can be used for jams and jellies. Half ripe fruit are added to help the jelly set. The liquid from boiled guava seeds is used to flavour cheese. The seeds are the source of an edible oil. The roots can be used for soup.
Uses animal food charcoal construction dye environmental use essential oil food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil ornamental poison timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Cholera (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (bark), Astringents (bark), Cholera (bark), Diarrhea (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Anthelmintics (flower), Antiparasitic agents (flower), Bronchitis (flower), Colic (flower), Diarrhea, infantile (flower), Eye pain (flower), Gingival hemorrhage (flower), Laxatives (flower), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Asthenia (fruit), Colic (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Dysentery (fruit), Gingival hemorrhage (fruit), Jaundice (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Pain (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Thirst (fruit), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Cachexia (leaf), Cholera (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Edema (leaf), Epilepsy (leaf), Eye pain (leaf), Hepatitis (leaf), Inflammatory bowel diseases (leaf), Parasympatholytics (leaf), Periodontal diseases (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Whooping cough (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Antihemorrhagic (root), Antiemetics (root), Astringents (root), Cachexia (root), Diarrhea (root), Diarrhea, infantile (root), Dysentery (root), Epilepsy (root), Gingivitis (root), Hemorrhage (root), Nephritis (root), Periodontal diseases (root), Rectal prolapse (root), Toothache (root), Ulcer (root), Vomiting (root), Anthelmintics (stem), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cachexia (unspecified), Carbuncle (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Chorea (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Convulsion (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Evil eye (unspecified), Fattening (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Sprain (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Cicatrizant (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Bowel (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Deafness (unspecified), Dentifrice (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Respiratory (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Antiemetics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Inflammatory bowel diseases (unspecified), Periodontal diseases (unspecified), Rectal prolapse (unspecified), Stomatitis, aphthous (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They are mostly grown from seeds but seedling trees vary in quality. Seeds remain viable for a year or longer. Seeds germinate in 2-3 weeks but can take 8 weeks. Selected trees can be propagated by budding or grafting. They can also be propagated by layering, root cuttings or stem cuttings if hormones are used. For stem cuttings the tips are used and grown under mist at 28-30°C with bottom heat. Suckers can also be used. Using vegetative methods of propagation enables better fruit kinds to be preserved. In the lowland tropics trees are self sown. As fruit are produced on new season's growth, pruning does not affect fruiting greatly. Trees should be managed to give the maximum number of new vigorous new shoots. Trees can be pruned for shape. Trees can be grown at 2.5 m within rows and 6 m apart between rows. It does not grow or produce well on atolls.
Mode cuttings seedlings suckers
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 33
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Psidium guajava habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava habit picture by Felipe Domingos de Souza Felipe (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Psidium guajava leaf picture by AL ABU AL ABU RIHAN (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava leaf picture by Rezaul Rezaul Rehman (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Psidium guajava flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava flower picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava flower picture by Planter King (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Psidium guajava fruit picture by Fabio Rizzo Matos (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Psidium guajava fruit picture by Manjunath Megalamani (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Psidium guajava world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Singapore, El Salvador, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Psidium guajava threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:600841-1
WFO ID wfo-0000284421
COL ID 4PFV7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447405
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Myrtus guajava Psidium angustifolium Psidium cujavillus Psidium guajava Psidium sapidissimum Psidium vulgare Psidium fragrans Psidium igatemyense Psidium prostratum Psidium pumilum Psidium pyriferum Psidium pomiferum Guajava pumila Guajava pyrifera Psidium igatemyensis Psidium aromaticum Psidium cujavus Psidium intermedium Psidium guayava Psidium guajava var. minor Psidium guajava var. cujavillum Psidium pumilum var. guadalupense Psidium pyriferum var. glabrum Myrtus guajava var. pyrifera Psidium longifolium Syzygium ellipticum Psidium pomiferum var. sapidissimum Psidium guajava var. guajava

Lower taxons

Psidium guajava 'Beaumont' Psidium guajava 'Allahabad Safeda' Psidium guajava 'Blitch' Psidium guajava 'Donrom' Psidium guajava 'Fan Relief' Psidium guajava 'Glom Toon Klau' Psidium guajava 'Glom Um-porn' Psidium guajava 'Hart' Psidium guajava 'Homestead' Psidium guajava 'Indonesian Seedless' Psidium guajava 'Ka Hua Kula' Psidium guajava 'Kampuchea' Psidium guajava 'Lucknow 49' Psidium guajava 'Miami Red' Psidium guajava 'Miami White' Psidium guajava 'Pink Acid' Psidium guajava 'Puerto Rico No' Psidium guajava 'Red Indian' Psidium guajava 'Redland' Psidium guajava 'Ruby' Psidium guajava 'Supreme' Psidium guajava 'Thai Maroon' Psidium guajava 'Waiakea'