Pyrola asarifolia Michx.

Liverleaf wintergreen (en), Pyrole à feuilles rondes (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Pyrola

Characteristics

Plants rhizomatous, (0.8-)1.5-4.3(-6.4) dm. Leaves: petiole (6-)15-65(-109) mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade not maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green adaxially, ovate, elliptic, round, or reniform, (10-)24-71(-98) × (10-)13-49(-83) mm, coriaceous, base cordate or rounded to decurrent, margins entire or crenulate or denticulate, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences 1 per stem, 4-29-flowered; peduncular bracts 1-3(-5), ovate to oblong-ovate, 7-16 × 2.5-5 mm, chartaceous or membranous, margins entire; inflorescence bracts ovate to oblong-ovate, usually as long as or longer than, sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels, 3-17 × 1-3.6 mm, chartaceous. Pedicels (3-)4-11 mm. Flowers: calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, triangular to triangular-ovate, 1.4-5.5(-5.8) × 1.3-2.7 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices acute to acuminate; petals white, white proximally and pinkish distally, or pink to purplish red throughout, obovate to round, 4.8-9.1 × 2.9-6 mm, margins entire; stamens 4.5-7.5 mm; filament base 0.6-1.1 mm wide; anthers (1.7-)2-3.5 (-3.9) mm, apiculations 0.1-0.5(-0.7) mm, thecae creamy white or tan to dark pink, tubules pink to dark pink, 0.1-0.4 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1-0.2 × 0.05-0.1 mm; ovary smooth; style exserted, 7-10 mm; stigma 0.7-1.6 mm wide, lobes erect, (without subtending ring of hairs). Capsules depressed-globose, 4-5 × 6-8 mm. 2n = 46.
More
Lvs mostly 3–6 cm; scapes 1.5–3 dm, with usually 1–3 scale-lvs; sep triangular, 2–3 mm, acute, entire, widest just above the base and therefore slightly overlapping; pet 5–7 mm, pink to pale purple; anthers cuspidate at base, abruptly narrowed above into very short tubes; style declined. Moist woods and bogs; Nf. to Alas., s. to N.Y., n. Ind., Minn. and N.M. July, Aug. (P. uliginosa)
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support mycoheterotroph
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.15
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.28
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Wet soils of bogs, stream courses and around springs, mostly in shady areas and especially in coniferous woodlands, from the plains to around 2,700 metres in the mountains.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Eye Medicine (leaf), Panacea (leaf), Eye Medicine (root), Liver Aid (root), Antihemorrhagic (unspecified), Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Pyrola asarifolia leaf picture by Ivan Guzmán (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola asarifolia leaf picture by Eric Larsen (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola asarifolia leaf picture by Joseph Littlehorn (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pyrola asarifolia flower picture by Ivan Guzmán (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola asarifolia flower picture by Ivan Guzmán (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola asarifolia flower picture by kirstee harper (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pyrola asarifolia world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:214878-2
WFO ID wfo-0001128939
COL ID 6X2BL
BDTFX ID 54175
INPN ID 116529
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pyrola californica Pyrola uliginosa Thelaia asarifolia Pyrola asarifolia var. purpurea Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. asarifolia Pyrola asarifolia var. asarifolia Pyrola rotundifolia var. asarifolia Pyrola rotundifolia var. purpurea Pyrola asarifolia subsp. asarifolia Pyrola asarifolia var. uliginosa Pyrola rotundifolia var. uliginosa Pyrola asarifolia

Lower taxons

Pyrola asarifolia subsp. incarnata