Pyrola chlorantha Sw.

Greenflowered wintergreen (en), Pirole à fleurs verdâtres (fr), Pyrole à fleurs verdâtres (fr), Pyrole verdâtre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Pyrola

Characteristics

Plants rhizomatous, (0.7-)1.4-2.2(-2.7) dm. Leaves sometimes reduced or absent; petiole 8-60 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade not or, rarely, obscurely maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green, rarely with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or round, (6-)18-28(-33) × (5-)10-30 mm, coriaceous, base rounded to truncate or decurrent, margins entire or crenulate to crenulate-serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences 1-2(-3) per stem, (1-)2-8(-17)-flowered; peduncular bracts absent or 1(-2), subulate to linear-lanceolate, 2.8-5 × 0.5-0.8 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate; inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate, usually shorter than, rarely longer than, subtended pedicels, (2.3-)3-5(-7.7) × 0.5-0.8 mm, membranous. Pedicels 3-8 mm. Flowers: calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white, deltate to deltate-ovate, (0.9-)1.2-1.7 × (0.9-)1.3-1.9 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate, apices acute to obtuse; petals greenish white to yellowish white, obovate, (4-)4.5-9 × 3.3-5.5 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate; stamens 4-7.5 mm; filament base 0.7-1.2 mm wide; anthers (2.1-)2.5-3(-3.7) mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy white or tan to yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, 0.7-1.1 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, pores 0.2-0.4 × 0.1-0.2 mm; ovary smooth; style exserted, (4-)5-7 mm; stigma 0.9-1.5 mm wide, lobes erect. Capsules depressed-globose, 3-4.5 × 3.5-6.4 mm. 2n = 46.
More
Herbs 11–18 cm tall. Rhizome long, slender, branched. Aboveground stem very short. Leaves 2–4, basal; petiole 2–5 cm; leaf blade pale abaxially, dark green adaxially, rather dull, suborbicular, 1–1.6 × 1–1.2 cm, leathery, base rounded to acute, margin minutely crenulate, apex rounded. Scape including inflorescence 10–20 cm high, usually with a solitary scale; raceme laxly 2–8-flowered, slightly nutant, nodding, 1.5–3.5 cm. Pedicel 4–5 mm; bracts lanceolate. Flowers cup-shaped, ca. 1 cm in diam. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. as long as wide, 1–1.5 mm, basal widest 1–1.5 mm, apex ± acute or obtuse. Petals greenish white, ovate or elliptic, 5–6 mm. Filaments dilated at base; anthers yellow, oblong, mucronate at distal end; tubules curved, pores oblique. Style exserted, longer than petals, strongly bent, somewhat thickened upwards, dilated at apex into ring. Capsule ca. 6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
Lvs 1–3(–4) cm, often shorter than the petiole, obovate to broadly elliptic or subrotund, rounded to truncate at the summit, rounded to broadly cuneate at base but scarcely decurrent, seldom ± reduced or even wholly suppressed; scapes 1–2.5 dm, seldom with more than 10 fls; sep broadly ovate-triangular, broader than long, obtuse or subacute; pet 4–9 mm, white, ± veined with green; anther-tubes abruptly narrowed from the pollen sacs and of different color, prolonged 0.6–0.8 mm and usually separate, often curved; style declined; 2n=46. Dry woods; circumboreal, in Amer. s. to Md., W.Va., Ind., and the w. cordillera. June–Aug. (P. virens; P. oxypetala)
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support mycoheterotroph
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.25
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist coniferous woods, 2000-3000 metres in Texas.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Pyrola chlorantha habit picture by Cristian Zanella Cristian Zanella (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha habit picture by Terje Norli (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha habit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Pyrola chlorantha leaf picture by Anne Marie Laming (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha leaf picture by slawo hnatyszyn (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha leaf picture by Ethan Greer (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pyrola chlorantha flower picture by margarida vila (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha flower picture by margarida vila (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha flower picture by Marc Solà (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Pyrola chlorantha fruit picture by Brigitte Seydoux (cc-by-sa)
Pyrola chlorantha fruit picture by jeclerencia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pyrola chlorantha world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331799-1
WFO ID wfo-0000396274
COL ID 6WQC2
BDTFX ID 54177
INPN ID 116531
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pyrola virens Pyrola oxypetala Thelaia chlorantha Pyrola solunica Pyrola chlorantha var. saximontana Pyrola virens var. saximontana Pyrola chlorantha