Shrubs, to 3(-5) m, usually not rhizomatous. Stems: bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding; twigs scattered, multicellular eglandular-hairy (hairs unbranched), other-wise densely to sparsely unicellular-hairy. Leaves deciduous; petiole usually multicellular eglandular-hairy and unicellular-hairy; blade ovate to obovate, 3-9 × 1.2-3.7 cm, thin, membranous, margins entire, plane, conspicuously ciliate, eglandular-hairy (hairs ascending away from margins), apex acute to obtuse, often mucronate, abaxial surface sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy, sometimes also eglandular-hairy, adaxial surface usually sparsely unicellular-hairy, sometimes glabrous, often also scattered eglandular-hairy. Floral bud scales very sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy abaxially, especially near midvein, margins unicellular-ciliate. Inflorescences 4-13-flowered; bracts similar to bud scales. Pedicels 5-26 mm, usually stipitate-glandular-hairy, or, sometimes, also eglandular-hairy, otherwise sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy. Flowers opening before or with leaves, erect to horizontal, fragrant (spicy-scented); calyx lobes 0.5-4 mm, surfaces and margins scattered stipitate-glandular-and/or eglandular-hairy, otherwise sparsely to densely unicellular-hairy; corolla usually bright pink, without blotch on upper lobe, funnelform, 25-45 mm, scattered, multicellular stipitate-glandular-hairy (hairs not form-ing distinct lines), otherwise sparsely to moderately unicellular-hairy on outer surface, petals connate, lobes 10-23 mm, tube gradually expanded into lobes, 11-27 mm (equaling or longer than lobes); stamens 5, much exserted, ± unequal, 32-53 mm. Capsules borne on erect pedicel, 10-28 × 3-7 mm, stipitate-glandular-hairy, otherwise sparsely unicellular-hairy. Seeds without distinct tails, flattened portion of testa well developed at each end; testa expanded, dorsiventrally flattened, ± loose. 2n = 26.
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Much like no. 4 [Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners], sometimes to 5 m, usually not colonial; winter bud scales pubescent; lvs softly and permanently hairy beneath, with or without setae on the midvein; fls very fragrant; pedicels, cor-tube, and ovary stipitate-glandular; cor bright pink to sometimes nearly white, flat-faced, 4–5 cm wide, the tube about as long as the lobes; stamens ca twice as long as the cor-tube; fr sparsely stipitate-glandular. Moist or dry woods, especially in the mts.; Me. and s. Que. to Va. and Ky.; s. Ill., s. Mo., Ark., and e. Okla. May. (R. roseum; R. canescens, misapplied; Azalea p.; A. rosea, an illegitimate name)