Sisymbrium irio L.

London rocket (en), Sisymbre Irio (fr), Sisymbre irio (fr), Vélaret (fr), Vélar irio (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Sisymbrium

Characteristics

Herbs annual, (10-)20-60(-75) cm tall. Stems erect, branched below and above, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at least basally. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole (0.5-)1-4.5(-6) cm; leaf blade oblanceolate or oblong in outline, runcinate-pinnatisect, (1.5-)3-12(-15) × (0.5-)1-6(-9) cm; lateral lobes (1 or)2-6(-8) on each side of midvein, smaller than terminal, oblong or lanceolate, entire, dentate, or lobed. Uppermost cauline leaves smaller than basal, entire or 1-3-lobed. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, (5-)7-12(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, erect, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm. Petals yellow, oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5-3.5(-4) × 1-1.5 mm; claw subequaling sepals. Filaments yellowish, erect, 2.5-4 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.9 mm. Ovules 40-90 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, slender, terete, (2.5-)3-4(-5) cm × 0.9-1.1 mm, straight or slightly curved inward, younger ones overtopping flowers; valves glabrous, slightly torulose; style 0.2-0.5 mm; stigma prominently 2-lobed; septum membranous. Seeds oblong, 0.8-1 × 0.5-0.6 mm, inserted in depressions of septum. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 14.
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Annuals; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Stems erect, branched proximally and distally, (1-)2-6(-7.5) dm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at least basally. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole (0.5-)1-4.5(-6) cm; blade oblanceolate or oblong (in outline), (1.5-)3-12 (-15) cm × (5-)10-60(-90) mm, margins runcinate to pinnatisect; lobes (1-)2-6(-8) on each side, oblong or lanceolate, smaller than terminal lobe, margins entire, dentate, or lobed. Cauline leaves similar to basal; (distalmost) blade (smaller, to 2 cm wide), margins entire or 1-3-lobed. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, (5-)7-12(-20) mm. Flowers: sepals erect, oblong, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm; petals oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5-3.5(-4) × 1-1.5 mm, claw 1-1.5 mm; filaments 2.5-4 mm; anthers ovate, 0.5-0.9 mm. Fruits (divaricate to ascending, young fruits overtopping flowers), narrowly linear, straight or slightly curved inward, slightly torulose, slender, (2.5-)3-4(-5) cm × 0.9-1.1 mm; valves glabrous; ovules 40-90 per ovary; style 0.2-0.5 mm; stigma prominently 2-lobed. Seeds 0.8-1 × 0.5-0.6 mm. 2n = 14.
Annual herbs 10-60 cm tall; glabrous or with short, appressed hairs, especially on young growth. Lower leaves runcinate-pinnatifid with 2-6 pairs of lateral lobes; lobes mostly toothed or somewhat lobed. Stem leaves upwards with gradually fewer, smaller, lateral lobes and a more prominent terminal lobe; upper leaves petiolate, simply hastate or with a few small, narrow, lateral lobes. Inflorescence ebracteate, very dense and contracted in flower; in fruit elongate, with the young fruits overtopping the flowers and buds. Flowers inconspicuous, the petals pale yellow, 2.5-3 mm long, hardly exceeding the sepals. Anthers 0.5-0.8 mm long. Siliquae 3-5 cm long, c. 1 mm in diameter, linear, straight or curved, ascending on slender pedicels 6-10 mm long; valves 3-nerved, glabrous, bulged by the seeds; stigma subsessile, 2-lobed. Seeds numerous (60-80), in 1 row, yellowish, less than 1 mm long.
Annual or biennial herb 25–60 cm high, erect, glabrous or with long, curved hairs. Lower leaves not in a rosette, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid with 2–6 pairs of lobes, petiolate, dentate; upper leaves reducing, sometimes entire. Sepals erect, 3.5–3.0 mm long, glabrous. Petals 2.5–3.5 rarely 6 mm long, pale yellow. Style narrow, 0.5 mm long. Siliqua 25–65 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, torulose, curved; valves glabrous, thin-walled, almost translucent; pedicels slender, spreading, 6–10 mm long. Seeds ovoid, 1–1.5 mm long.
Erect, to 6 dm, spreading-hairy below; lower lvs deeply pinnatifid with oblong to ovate, entire to dentate or angularly lobed segments, the upper lvs with fewer and smaller lobes; infl very contracted, the young frs elongating rapidly and projecting beyond the fls; sep 2–3 mm; pet 3–4 mm; anthers ca 0.7 mm; pedicels slender, divergent, 5–10 mm; frs linear, 2.5–5 cm; 2n=14, 28, 42, 56. Native of Eurasia, occasionally found in our range, and becoming a weed in the Pacific states. May, June. (Norta i.)
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual plant. It grows up to 70 cm tall. It is almost hairless. The leaves are oblong to sword shaped. The flowers are pale yellow. The seed pod stalk is slender. The fruit are narrow and 3-4 cm long by 1 mm wide. The seeds are oblong and 1 mm long by 0.5 mm wide.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in rocky slopes, orchards, roadsides, fields, pastures, waste grounds, prairies, disturbed sites near sea level to 1700 m altitude in China. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 3,500 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Roadsides, walls and waste places.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

The seeds are parched and used to make a cooling drink. They are stored for later use as a porridge. The young leaves are eaten raw or cooked. They are boiled or fried.
Uses beverage food medicinal
Edible flowers leaves seeds stems
Therapeutic use Pharyngitis (leaf), Eye Medicine (seed), Analgesics (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antipyretics (seed), Asthma (seed), Expectorants (seed), Inflammation (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Asthma (unspecified), Collyrium (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Sclerosis(Testicle) (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Tuberculosis, lymph node (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Sisymbrium irio habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio habit picture by Sabin Poenariu (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio habit picture by FP Eli (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Sisymbrium irio leaf picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio leaf picture by perfidus (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio leaf picture by Miguel Moreno (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Sisymbrium irio flower picture by PATRICK PREVOST (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio flower picture by PATRICK PREVOST (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio flower picture by Jean-Pierre Pellegrini (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Sisymbrium irio fruit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio fruit picture by andreas ryser (cc-by-sa)
Sisymbrium irio fruit picture by Rina Jeger (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sisymbrium irio world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Australia, China, France, India, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:237940-2
WFO ID wfo-0000431928
COL ID 4XRZ8
BDTFX ID 64651
INPN ID 123841
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Phryne laxata Sisymbrium subulatum Sisymbrium erysimastrum Sisymbrium filiforme Norta irio Sisymbrium glabrum Crucifera irio Hesperis iriodes Arabis charbonnelii Hesperis subulata Sisymbrium pinnatifidum Sisymbrium irioides Erysimum irio Irio ruderalis Hesperis maxima Descurainia irio Sisymbrium latifolium Erysimum irio Sisymbrium irio var. dasycarpum Sisymbrium irio var. leiocarpum Sisymbrium irio