Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd.

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Blechnaceae > Stenochlaenoideae > Stenochlaena

Characteristics

Stems long creeping and climbing; scales at apex of rhizome dark brown to black, orbicular, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm in diam., caducous. Fronds distant, dimorphic. Stipe 10-80 cm, glabrous; lamina 1-pinnate, oblong in outline, 50-80 × 20-30 cm; lateral pinnae 8-16 pairs, terminal pinna similar; pinnae very shortly stalked, articulate to rachis; sterile pinnae broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, (10-)15-20 × 2-4.5 cm, varying much in size and shape, leathery or stiffly papery, surface smooth and glossy, base broadly cuneate, margin sharply and irregularly serrate, apex acuminate or sometimes caudate; fertile pinnae 10-20 × 0.1-0.5 cm, linear. Veins simple or forked, forming single row of narrow costal areoles. Sori acrostichoid, covering whole abaxial surface of fertile pinnae. 2n = 148.
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Scrambling, long creeping fern, or high climbing epiphyte with base rooted to the ground, fronds widely spaced, horizontal to pendulous with drooping pinnae. Rhizome 4-7 mm diam., pale green, sometimes slightly glaucous, smooth, with scattered, dark, small, orbicular scales, especially towards the apex, the growing tip completely covered. Fronds 30-80 cm long, including a stipe of 5-20 cm long, sterile pinnae for the most part articulate to the rhachis, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 7-20 by 1.5-5.5 cm, tip acute, slightly attenuate, base often asymmetric, mostly cuneate, with a small dark gland on the apical side, margin almost entire to serrulate, especially at the apex; fertile pinnae linear, 15-25 cm by 2-3 mm. Spores evenly tuberculate.
Rhizome climbing or scrambling. Fronds dimorphic, 24–70 (–165) cm long, 9–30 cm wide. Stipe 8–30 (–82) cm long, stramineous to brown, glabrous or with peltate ± entire reddish brown scales. Lamina ovate, pinnate, with 4–14 pairs of pinnae. Rachis and costae stramineous to brown, glabrous. Sterile pinnae narrowly ovate, long-acuminate, 5–20 cm long, 1–5 cm wide, shortly stalked, sharply serrate; basal pinnae not reduced. Fertile pinnae 2–3 mm wide. Spores 41 × 27 µm, verrucose and minutely vermiculate to scaberulous.
A climbing or scrambling fern with a thin smooth rhizome which climbs up sago palms and tree trunks. It can be 20 m long. The stems are brown smooth and less than 1 cm across. They are only sparingly branched. The fronds are up to 80 cm long and have leaflets. The fronds droop. The fronds have several leaflets and are often red in colour when young. Fertile fronds when they occur, are at the top and are thin.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.7 - 12.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is widely distributed in areas of shrub especially in swampy coastal areas. It likes warm, waterlogged partly cleared forest sites. It is frost sensitive. In Indonesia it grows up to 500 m above sea level. In southern China it grows up to 400 m above sea level.
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Open places and secondary forest at elevations from near sea level to 400 metres in China. Widely distributed in thickets, usually in swampy places near the sea.
Grows in rainforest, monsoon forest, in swamps and on moist rock faces; creeping over the ground, rocks and fallen trees, occasionally up tree trunks.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The young shoots are eaten raw or cooked. They can be used in sweet and sour curries and in vegetable soups.
Uses environmental use fiber food material medicinal social use
Edible fronds leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Fever (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is easily grown. Sections of the rhizomes or stems can be planted in wet soils.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Stenochlaena palustris leaf picture by jaydeep lakkad (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Stenochlaena palustris world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, United States of America, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Conservation status

Stenochlaena palustris threat status: Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17223880-1
WFO ID wfo-0001115653
COL ID 6ZLRX
BDTFX ID 51807
INPN ID 114991
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Onoclea scandens Chrysodium palustre Stenochlaena blumeana Stenochlaena fraxinifolia Stenochlaena laurifolia Polypodium palustre Stenochlaena hainanensis Lomariopsis scandens Lomariopsis palustris Acrostichum palustre Lomaria scandens Stenochlaena scandens Olfersia scandens Pteris scandens Lomaria juglandifolia Lomaria scandens Lomaria haenkeana Polypodium palustre Stenochlaena palustris