Swertia welwitschii Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Gentianaceae > Swertia

Characteristics

Herbs, annual or perennial, 18-23 cm tall, simple or branched above, sometimes branching at the base as well, branches ascending, subcorymbose. Leaves basal and cauline, the basal usually soon disappearing; cauline erect to suberect, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 cm long, 1.5-7 mm broad, narrowing slightly to an obtuse or subacute apex, usually not narrowed at the sessile base; basal or subbasal mostly shorter and broader than the cauline and narrowed at the base into a short petiole-like claw, 2-3 cm long, 8-10 mm broad; all the leaves 3-nerved from the base with the midrib prominent beneath and the lateral obscure, undersurface more or less reticulate, margins strongly revolute. Cymes terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves, subumbellate, 1-3-flowered; peduncles and pedicels slender, from about 1.5-2.5 cm long. Calyx divided almost to the base, lobes linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, slightly unequal in size, about 7 mm long and 1.5 mm broad, flat or sometimes 2 of the 5 somewhat conduplicate and carinate at the base, apex subacute to acute and slightly spreading. Corolla white, drying pale yellow (according to description sometimes with purple lines inside), 8-10 mm long, divided almost to the base; tube 0.75 mm long; lobes oblong, slightly narrowed towards the base, rounded at the apex but often with a folded slightly spreading central tip at least on some of the lobes in each flower, each lobe with a pair of fimbriate nectaries near the base within. Stamens inserted in the sinuses; filaments flattened, about 3.5 mm long; anthers 1 mm long, straight. Ovary oblong in outline, somewhat compressed, about 6 mm long and 2.5 mm broad; stigma subsessile, 2-lobed, lobes 1.5 mm long, thickly stigmatic on the margins. Capsule slightly exserted from the enfolding corolla, splitting in two, each valve with a duck-bill-like apex when flattened but often complicate.
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Annual herb without basal leaf rosette.. Stems 30–70 cm high, unbranched except for inflorescence, stem angles smooth.. Leaves ascending or erect, sessile, linear-lanceolate, linear-oblong or linear, blade 15–43 mm long, 5–8 mm wide, acute, amplexicaul.. Inflorescences much branched cymes, partial inflorescences many, each 5–6-flowered; pedicels 3–10 mm long, pedicel of the terminal flower always shorter than pedicels of lateral flowers; bracteoles linear-lanceolate or linear, 10–16 mm long, 1–3 mm wide, acute.. Flowers 5-merous.. Calyx lobes: 2 wider than others, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.8–4.5 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, acute.. Corolla white or creamy white; tube very short, 0.8–0.9 mm long; lobes elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 4–11 mm long, 2–5.5 mm wide, acute or with recurved apices; nectaries 2 per lobe, yellow, circular or eliptic(-oblong), 0.3–1.1 mm in diameter, 0.7–0.8 mm apart, 2.4–3 mm from base of lobes, margin fimbriate, fimbriae 1.1–2.8 mm long.. Stamens with filaments 3.3–4.8 mm long, scale-like projections present at their point of attachment to corolla lobes; anthers oblong, 0.9–1.3 mm long.. Ovary oblong, 4–5.5 mm long, 1–2 mm diameter; style obsolete; stigma bilobed, lobes 0.7–0.8 long, 1–1.1 mm wide, obtuse, forming a crescent-shaped rim at the apex of capsule valves; parietal placentae indistinct.. Capsule oblong, 9–14 mm long, 3–5 mm diameter.. Seeds brown, 0.4–0.5 mm in diameter, surface reticulate.
Basal leaves usually soon disappearing; cauline leaves erect or suberect; leaf lamina 15–45 x 1.5–7 mm., linear-lanceolate, subobtuse or subacute at the apex; basal and sub-basal shorter and broader than the cauline ones, usually narrowed at the base into a short petiole-like claw, all 3-nerved from the base.
Flowers 5-merous, pure white, cream or white or with dark purple veins, terminal in the axil of the upper leaves or in 1-many flowered cymes, arranged in a subcorymbose inflorescence; bracts 1–10 mm. long, linear; pedicels 1.5–4 cm. long.
Corolla divided almost to the base; tube 0.75 mm. long; lobes 6–10 x 2.5–4 mm., oblong-obovate to elliptic, rounded at the apex, each lobe with a pair of fimbriate nectaries within, near the base.
Calyx divided almost to the base; lobes slightly unequal, 2–7 x 1.5 mm., linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute or subacute at the apex.
Ovary 4–6 x 2.5 mm., narrowly-ellipsoid, slightly compressed, narrowed into a short stout style; stigma bilobed, papillate.
Stamens inserted in the sinuses; filaments 3.5–5 mm. long; anthers 0.5–1.5 x 0.25–0.5 mm., narrowly-ellipsoid, brown.
Capsule (5) 6–10 x 1.5–3 mm., narrowly-ellipsoid, slightly exserted, splitting into two valves.
Stem slender, 1–3 mm. in diam., unbranched or branching at the apex, rarely from the base.
Seeds subglobose, numerous, 0.3 mm. in diam.; testa faveolate.
Annual, erect herb up to (12) 25–80 cm. tall.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.7
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Rooting depth (meter) -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
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Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
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Distribution

Swertia welwitschii world distribution map, present in Angola, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:371139-1
WFO ID wfo-0000497258
COL ID 53JZ8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Swertia welwitschii Swertia sharpei