Symplocarpus Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton

Skunk cabbage (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Araceae

Characteristics

Herbs, large, glabrous, seasonally dormant. Rhizome erect, stout, with thick roots. Leaves few to several, petiolate; petiole long, with sheath; leaf blade subcordate to cordate-ovate, large, apex acute to cuspidate; midvein strong, primary lateral veins pinnate and arching toward apex, running into inconspicuous marginal vein, secondary lateral veins and higher order venation reticulate to transversely reticulate. Inflorescences 1 or 2 in a sympodium, appearing before or with leaves; peduncle long but only shortly exserted above ground; cataphylls surrounding peduncle. Spathe convolute at base, somewhat to widely gaping at apex, thick, boat-shaped or conchiform, apex 2-keeled, rostrate, curving forward. Spadix stipitate, globose to broadly ellipsoid, much shorter than spathe and hidden within. Flowers bisexual, with perigone; tepals 4, arching and imbricate. Stamens 4, free; filaments flattened; connective slender; thecae oblong, dehiscing by longitudinal slit; pollen grains ellipsoid, monosulcate, exine reticulate, apertural exine verrucate. Ovary of gynoecium (pistil) somewhat immersed in spadix axis, 1-loculed; ovule 1, orthotropous; funicle very short; placentation apical-parietal; stylar region long attenuate; stigma punctate-disciform. Infructescence globose to broadly ellipsoid, berries densely arranged. Berry with tepals and style persistent to ripe fruiting stage, base of berry immersed in spongy spadix axis. Seed globose; testa thin, smooth; embryo globose, large; endosperm very sparse, only a single cell layer thick. 2n = 30, 60.
More
Herbs, wetland or subterrestrial. Rhizomes vertical. Leaves appearing after flowers, several, erect, clustered, erect; petiole equal to or shorter than blade; blade green to dark green, simple, not peltate, oblong to ovate, base truncate or cordate, apex acute to obtuse; primary veins lateral, branching apically. Inflorescences: peduncle partly underground, much shorter than leaves, apex not swollen; spathe yellowish green to dark red-purple, usually spotted or striped with both, open only apically at maturity, enclosing spadix; spadix ovoid to globose. Flowers bisexual; perianth present. Fruits embedded in enlarged spongy spadix, dark purple-green to dark red-brown. Seeds 1, mucilage absent. x = 15.
Fls perfect, covering the subglobose spadix, this subtended and mostly enclosed by a fleshy, ovate, pointed spathe; perianth of 4 erect, connivent tep; stamens 4; ovaries buried in the spadix, unilocular, uniovulate; style stout, 4-angled, subulate; seeds embedded in the enlarged, spongy spadix, covered by the persistent perianth and style; herb from a thick rhizome; spathe partly underground, with very short peduncle, the lvs appearing later and becoming very large. Monotypic.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
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Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Root system rhizome
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

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Edible -
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Cultivation

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Images

Symplocarpus unspecified picture

Distribution

Symplocarpus world distribution map, present in China, Micronesia (Federated States of), Japan, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2926-1
WFO ID wfo-4000037235
COL ID 8W3X5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Symplocarpus

Lower taxons

Symplocarpus nipponicus Symplocarpus renifolius Symplocarpus nabekuraensis Symplocarpus egorovii Symplocarpus foetidus