Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Pinwheelflower (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Tabernaemontana

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree to 3 m. Branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm long; blade thin, elliptic, 4-15.2 by 1.7-8 cm, 2-4 times as long as wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, glabrous above and beneath, 5-15 pairs of secondary veins, curved ascending, tertiary venation obscure. Inflorescence 5-18 cm long; peduncle 1.3-8 cm long, glabrous; pedicels 3-20 mm long, glabrous. Sepals ovate, 2-5 by 1-2.5 mm, 1.3-2.4 times as long as wide, apex mostly obtuse, more rarely acute, glabrous, sparsely ciliate or not. Corolla double in some cultivated plants; 21-31 mm long in mature bud with an ovoid head which is 0.23-0.41 of bud length, apex acute; tube not or slightly twisted, 14-26 mm long, 0.8-1.4 times as long as lobes, 7-10 times as long as sepals; lobes 8-26 by 7-20 mm, 1-2.4 times as long as wide, obovate, rounded; glabrous outside, pubescent inside for up to 3 mm around and below the stamen insertion. Stamens inserted in bottom half or around middle of corolla tube (the cultivated specimens tend to have them higher); anthers 2.6-3.3 by 0.7-0.9 mm. Ovaries 1.5-2 mm long; style and style head 4.3-14 mm long. Fruit obliquely ellipsoid, sometimes torulose, longitudinally ridged, 2.2-7 by 0.6-1.1 cm, apex acuminate, 2-10-seeded. Seeds obliquely ellipsoid with longitudinal grooves, 7-10 by 4-6 mm.
More
Shrubs or small trees 0.5-5 m tall, glabrous. Petiole 3-10 mm; leaf blade elliptic or narrowly so, 3-18 X 1-6 cm, apex acuminate; lateral veins 5-17 pairs. Cymes dichotomous, 1-8-flowered; bracts scalelike. Flower buds with an ovoid head, apex acute or obtuse. Calyx lobes often ciliate. Corolla white, tube 1.5-2.7 cm; lobes simple or double, obovate or broadly so, 1.5-2.7 X 0.8-2 cm. Stamens inserted at basal third of corolla tube. Follicles obliquely and narrowly ellipsoid, 2-7 X 0.6-1.5 cm. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 22*.
A shrub or small tree. It grows up to 5 m tall. The stems are thin and crooked. The stems have milky sap when broken. The leaves are large, shiny and dark green. They are 15 cm long and 5 cm wide. The flowers are waxy and have 5 petals arranged like pin wheels. The fruit is a narrowly oval and oblique follicle. It is 2-7 cm long by 1-2 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 2.25 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Montane brushwoods, sparse forests; at elevations of 100-1,600 metres in southern China. Light forest, usually in the hills, from sea-level to 1,400 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows between 100-1,600 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The young leaves are fried with pig meat.
Uses charcoal dye environmental use fuel material medicinal poison wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antiviral agents (bark), Fever (bark), Gastrointestinal diseases (bark), Snake bites (bark), Analgesics (flower), Anthelmintics (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Antioxidants (flower), Endophthalmitis (flower), Eye burn (flower), Eye diseases (flower), Pain (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Tachycardia (flower), Toothache (flower), Ulcer (fruit), Analgesics (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antihypertensive agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Antiviral agents (leaf), Conjunctivitis (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Endophthalmitis (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Anti-infective agents (plant cells/culture), Eye diseases (plant exudate), Inflammation (plant exudate), Toothache (plant exudate), Analgesics (root), Anthelmintics (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Arthralgia (root), Corneal diseases (root), Corneal opacity (root), Digestive system diseases (root), Eye burn (root), Jaundice (root), Pain (root), Paralysis (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Scorpion stings (root), Skin diseases (root), Snake bites (root), Toothache (root), Urination disorders (root), Antinematodal agents (shoot), Convulsion (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Abdomen (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Rhinosis (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Vermicide (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Brain diseases (unspecified), Endophthalmitis (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Eye infections (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Muscle weakness (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds and cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tabernaemontana divaricata habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Tabernaemontana divaricata habit picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana divaricata habit picture by Yves Demouy (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf picture by Eslava Silva felipe de jesus (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf picture by clashious (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf picture by gunalan v (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tabernaemontana divaricata flower picture by Mlb Lou (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana divaricata flower picture by Jitin Budhlakoti (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana divaricata flower picture by Gyuri Nyitrai (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tabernaemontana divaricata world distribution map, present in Benin, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bhutan, Botswana, China, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Sao Tome and Principe, Chad, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Tabernaemontana divaricata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:82097-1
WFO ID wfo-0000319835
COL ID 549T5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446930
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kopsia cochinchinensis Tabernaemontana discolor Tabernaemontana flabelliformis Tabernaemontana lurida Vinca alba Nerium coronarium Taberna discolor Testudipes recurva Tabernaemontana coronaria Ervatamia coronaria Ervatamia divaricata Ervatamia flabelliformis Nyctanthes acuminata Jasminum zeylanicum Ervatamia recurva Ervatamia siamensis Tabernaemontana recurva Tabernaemontana citrifolia Reichardia grandiflora Reichardia jasminoides Tabernaemontana coronaria var. plena Ervatamia divaricata var. plena Tabernaemontana gratissima Tabernaemontana indica Tabernaemontana recurva Nerium divaricatum Tabernaemontana siamensis Tabernaemontana divaricata