Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Tabernaemontana

Characteristics

Tree 5–25(–35) m high; trunk 25–90 cm in diameter; bark pale to dark grey brown, rough, thick, corky; wood yellow or light brown.. Leaves petiolate; blade narrowly elliptic to slightly obovate, 12–42 cm long, 3–17 cm wide, acuminate, apiculate or rounded at the apex, cuneate or decurrent at the base, with scattered dots beneath; petiole 30 mm long.. Inflorescence lax, 10–28 cm long, few-to many-flowered, glabrous in all parts; peduncle 3–15 cm long; pedicels 5–30 mm long.. Flowers with sepals suborbicular to oblong, 5–7 mm long, ciliate or not, with colleters within; corolla white, thick, fleshy; mature bud with a comparatively large ovoid head conspicuously wider than the tube with a subacute apex; tube pale green, almost cylindrical, throat pale yellow, 21–42 mm long, not angular, twisted over the entire length of the tube; lobes spreading, later recurved, obliquely elliptic, sometimes falcate, 17–60 mm long, 8–35 mm wide, rounded, obscurely auriculate at the left side of the base; stamens included for 2–15 mm, inserted 11–15 mm from the base; pistil glabrous, 13–17 mm long; style 5–10 mm long; ovary almost cylindrical; ovules 100–200 in each carpel.. Fruits dark green, densely speckled yellow or white, subglobose, obliquely ovoid and angular when young, 10–20 cm long, 8–20 cm in diameter, rounded, dehiscent, several–many-seeded; pericarp 2.5–6 cm thick; aril orange; seeds dark brown, slightly coffee-bean-like, obliquely ellipsoid, 15–21 mm long.
More
Corolla white, with a pale green tube and often with a pale yellow throat, thickly carnose, in the mature bud with a ventricose tube and a comparatively large ovoid head formed by the lobes (being conspicuously wider than the tube and c. 1/3–2/5 of the length of the bud, with a subacute point), outside glabrous or with a small patch of pubescence at the left side of the base of the lobes (and occasionally with 5 stripes 7 mm. long of pubescence on the tube below), inside pilose in a belt stretching from 6 mm. below to 2 mm. above the insertion of the stamens and ending barely below the mouth or reaching the base of the lobes; tube 3–4·5 times as long as the calyx, 21–42 mm. long, almost cylindrical, not angular, at the base 2·5–5 mm., ventricose at the insertion of the stamens or barely below and there 5·5–9 mm., above 3·5–6 mm. wide, 0–1/4 turn twisted over the entire length of the tube; lobes not always falcate, 0·7–1·8 times as long as the tube, 1·5–2·3 times as long as wide, 17–50 x 8–24 mm., rounded, not or obscurely auriculate at the left side of the base, undulate, spreading and recurved later.
Leaves petiolate; petiole glabrous, 5–30 mm. long; lamina coriaceous (also when fresh), variable in size, mostly narrowly elliptic, 2–4·5 times as long as wide, 12–40 x 3–14 cm., acuminate, apiculate, or rounded, at the base cuneate or decurrent into the petiole, entire or sometimes sinuate, often with slightly revolute margins, glabrous on both surfaces; secondary veins 12–24 on each side of the midrib, fairly straight at the base, upcurved, forming an angle of 70–90° with the midrib.
Pistil glabrous, 13–17 mm. long; ovary almost cylindrical, 4–6 x 2–4 x 2–3 mm., tapering into the style; style 5–10 x 0·8–1 mm., slightly widened at the apex; clavuncula almost cylindrical, 2–4·5 mm. long, at the sides obscurely 5-angular, and at the base widened into a 1·5–3 mm. wide ring, in the middle 1–1·2 mm. in diam., at the apex widened into 5 subcircular lobes altogether c. 1·2–1·7 mm. wide; stigma bilobed, 0·2–1 mm. long obtuse or acute.
Mericarps separate, dark green, with pale green, white, or yellow dots, very big, subglobose, 10–20 x 8–20 x 8–20 cm., rounded, with an indented line of dehiscence, but probably indehiscent, several-to many-seeded; wall on section and inside white(?), 2·5–6 cm. thick; aril white(?).
Sepals medium green, almost free, thick, carnose, erect, subcircular to oblong, 1–1·5 times as long as wide, 5–7 x 4–7 mm., often ciliate, outside glabrous, inside closely together in the middle of the base with one row of 6–10 large colleters (1)1·5 x 0·3–0·5 mm.
Stamens 2–15 mm. included, inserted at 1/3–1/2 of the length from the base of the corolla tube (being at 11–15 mm. from the base); anthers 9–12·5(17) x 3–4 mm., glabrous.
Branches shallowly longitudinally fissured when dried, with large lenticels of the same colour, with conspicuous leaf scars; branchlets glabrous.
Seeds dark brown, 15–21 x 9–12 x 7–10 mm., with longitudinal and transverse or oblique grooves, with a minute honeycomb-like structure.
Tree 5–25(35) m. high; trunk terete, 25–90 cm. in diam.; bark pale to dark grey–brown, rough (?), 1 cm. thick, corky.
Inflorescences often long–pedunculate, 10–28 x 7–15 cm., few-to many-flowered, fairly lax.
Bracts scale-like, much smaller than the sepals, with a row of colleters in the axils.
Peduncle glabrous, 3–15 cm. long, fairly robust.
Flowers sweet-scented, open in day time.
Pedicels glabrous, 5–30 mm. long.
Ovules 100–200 in each carpel.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.5 - 22.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Forest, most commonly in secondary formations and on river bank. At elevations from 700-2,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Tabernaemontana stapfiana leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana stapfiana leaf picture by Calum Macfarlane (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana stapfiana leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tabernaemontana stapfiana flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana stapfiana flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana stapfiana flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tabernaemontana stapfiana fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana stapfiana fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Tabernaemontana stapfiana fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tabernaemontana stapfiana world distribution map, present in Burundi, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Tabernaemontana stapfiana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:82342-1
WFO ID wfo-0000320128
COL ID 7BCNW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sarcopharyngia stapfiana Tabernaemontana stapfiana Conopharyngia bequaertii Conopharyngia stapfiana Conopharyngia johnstonii Tabernaemontana johnstonii