Utricularia subulata L.

Zigzag bladderwort (en), Utriculaire (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lentibulariaceae > Utricularia

Characteristics

Small to very small annual, terrestrial. Rhizoids c. 6, filiform, terete, with short papillose branches, usually less than 1 cm long, tapering from c. 0.25 mm thick at the base to c. 0.05 mm thick at the apex. Stolons numerous, capillary, branched, several cm long, 0.1-0.2 mm thick. Leaves often numerous, petiolate, the lamina narrowly linear, with apex subacute, gradually narrowed to the base, up to 1 mm wide, 1-nerved; total length up to 2 cm. Traps numerous on the stolons and leaves, ovate, stalked, 0.2-0.7 mm long, the mouth lateral with 2 dorsal, subulate, sparsely branched appendages. Inflorescence erect, solitary, simple or sometimes branched above, (2-)10-50 cm long. Peduncle filiform, terete, 0.3-0.6 mm thick, glabrous throughout or more usually glabrous above and papillose to very shortly hispid below. Scales numerous, similar to the bracts but narrower, often more acute and sometimes ciliate. Bracts circular to transversly elliptic with both extremities rounded, basisolute, peltate, amplexicaule, 1-2 mm long, internally glandular; bracteoles absent. Flowers 1-25 or more in branched inflorescences, the raceme axis elongate, flexuous or sometimes straight; pedicels ascending, capillary, terete, 0.2-1 cm long. Calyx lobes subequal, broadly ovate to circular, with apex rounded or subtruncate, convex, 1-1.5 mm long, the nerves moderately conspicuous, simple or apically branched but not reaching the margin. Corolla c. 2 (cleistogamous) or 0.5-1 cm long, yellow or (cleistogamous) white or reddish; upper lip broadly ovate, with apex rounded, the basal sac with a pubescent marginal rim; lower lip limb rhombic to broadly cuneate in outline, the base with a very prominent rounded bilobed swelling, the apex deeply 3-lobed; palate pubescent; spur subulate or narrowly cylindrical, the apex acute, rounded or shortly 2-4 denticulate, slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the lower lip. Filaments almost straight, up to 1 mm long, the anther thecae confluent. Ovary globose; style very short; stigma lower lip semicircular, the upper lip obsolete. Capsule globose, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, the wall thin but firm in texture, dehiscing by a ventral ovate pore. Seeds obovoid, typically c. 0.23 mm long, c. 0.16 mm wide, the testa cells c. 0.04 mm wide, the periclinal walls convex. Flowering in all but the driest parts of the year.
More
Terrestrial. Rhizoids few, capillary, basally thickened and rigid, with numerous papillose branches c. 0.5 mm long. Stolons capillary, much branched. Foliar organs often not conspicuous at anthesis, narrowly linear, 1-2 cm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, apex acute, 1-nerved. Traps very numerous on the vegetative organs, ovoid, stalked, 0.2-0.5 mm long, mouth lateral, upper lip projecting with 2 spreading curved subulate sparsely branched appendages. Inflorescence erect, up to 25 cm long; flowers 1-25, moderately distant; peduncle capillary, glabrous above, usually minutely papillose below; scales few, similar to the bracts but narrower and acuminate at base and apex, often papillose; bracts medifixed, peltate, broadly elliptic to orbicular, membranous, 0.75-1 mm long, obtuse or subacute at base and apex; bracteoles absent; pedicels ascending, capillary, terete, 2-10 mm long. Calyx lobes subequal, broadly ovate to orbicular, c. 1 mm long at anthesis, slightly accrescent, apex rounded or truncate. Corolla yellow, 6-10 mm long, upper lip broadly ovate to orbicular, 2-3 times as long as upper calyx lobe, apex rounded, lower lip larger, ± flabellate, deeply 3-lobed, midlobe larger than side lobes, apex of lobes rounded to truncate, palate much raised, bigibbous, spur subulate from a short conical base, parallel with and about as long as lower lip, apex usually obtuse, sometimes acute or 2-4-denticulate. Filaments filiform, curved, anther thecae confluent. Ovary globose, style very short, stigma lower lip orbicular, upper lip obsolete. Capsule globose, 1-1.5 mm long, membranous, dehiscing by a small ventral ovate pore. Seeds numerous, ovate, 0.2-0.25 mm long, testa thin, obscurely longitudinally striate.
Terrestrial herb.. Rhizoids and stolons capillary, few from the base of the scape.. Leaves linear, 1–2 cm. long, ± 0.5 mm. wide, 1-nerved.. Traps very numerous, globose or ovoid, 0.2–0.5 mm. long, stalked, the stalk slightly shorter than the trap; mouth lateral, oblique; upper lip with 2 branched appendages.. Inflorescence erect, up to 25 cm. high; scape capillary, smooth above, minutely papillose below; inflorescence-axis usually flexuous or zigzag; floral internodes slightly longer than the pedicels; scales few, peltate, ± as long as the bracts, narrowly elliptic, acuminate at both extremities, minutely papillose; bracts peltate, orbicular, 0.75–1.0 mm. long, smooth, clasping the base of the pedicel; bracteoles absent; pedicels capillary, ascending, 2–10 mm. long.. Calyx-lobes subequal, broadly ovate, ± 1 mm. long at anthesis, slightly accrescent, obscurely 5-nerved, apex obtuse or truncate.. Corolla yellow, normally 6–10 mm. long, sometimes reduced (in cleistogamous flowers) to 2 mm.; upper lip broadly ovate, apex rounded, 2–3 times as long as the upper calyx-lobe; lower lip orbicular in outline, deeply 3-lobed; palate raised, bigibbous; spur subulate, parallel with and ± equalling the lower lip or (in cleistogamous flowers) much reduced and saccate.. Filaments filiform; anther-thecae confluent.. Ovary globose; style very short; stigma lower lip orbicular, upper lip ± obsolete.. Capsule globose, 1–1.5 mm. long, dehiscing by a small ovate abaxial pore.. Seeds numerous, ovoid, 0.2–0.24 mm. long, longitudinally striate.
Annual or perhaps perennial terrestrial herbs; stolons capillary, subterranean, bearing a photosynthetic organ and traps. Photosynthetic organs narrowly linear, 1-nerved, sometimes numerous and conspicuous but often ? decayed at anthesis, to 20 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Traps obliquely ovoid, stalked, 0.2-0.5 mm long, the mouth lateral, the upper lip with 2 subulate sparsely branched ap-pendages. Inf lorescences to 25 cm long; peduncle capillary, 1-25-flowered; bracts peltate, orbicular to elliptic, the sterile scales numerous on the peduncle below the raceme; pedicels ascending, 2-10 mm long. Flowers with the calyx lobes + ovate, subequal; corolla yellow, usually 6-10 mm long but much reduced in cleistogamous flowers, the upper lip broadly ovate, entire, the lower lip deeply 3-lobed, the palate conspicuously bigibbous, the spur subulate, obtuse, descend-ing, about as long as the lower lip. Capsules globose, ca. 1.5 mm long, dehiscing by an abaxial ovate pore; seeds ovoid, ca. 0.25 mm long with ca. 15 longitudinal striations.
Underground parts very delicate, rarely collected, with bladders 0.5 mm; aerial lvs, if present, linear, to 1 cm; flowering branches very slender, erect, 3–20 cm, 1–10-fld; bracts ovate or elliptic, 1–2 mm, peltate, attached at or below their middle; pedicels 4–15 mm; cor commonly yellow, the lower lip usually 4–7 mm, with prominent palate and widely spreading limb; spur about equaling the lip and appressed to its lower surface. Wet soil and very shallow water, often among mosses; N.S. to Fla. along the coastal plain, thence w. to Ark. and Tex. May–Sept. (Setiscapella s.) A depauperate form 2–5 cm with 1–3 whitish fls 1–2 mm sometimes occurs with the normal form. (U. cleistogama; Setiscapella c.)
Inflorescence erect, up to 25 cm. high; peduncle capillary, smooth above, minutely papillose below; inflorescence-axis usually flexuous or zigzag; floral internodes slightly longer than the pedicels; scales few, peltate, more or less as long as the bracts, narrowly elliptic, acuminate at both extremities, minutely papillose; bracts peltate, circular, 0.75–1.0 mm. long, smooth, clasping the base of the pedicel; bracteoles absent; pedicels capillary, ascending, 2–10 mm. long.
Corolla yellow, normally 6–10 mm. long, sometimes reduced (in cleistogamous flowers) to 2 mm.; superior lip broadly ovate, with apex rounded, 2–3 times as long as the upper calyx lobe; inferior lip circular in outline, deeply 3-lobed; palate raised, bigibbpus; spur subulate, parallel with and more or less equalling the inferior lip or (in cleistogamous flowers) much reduced and saccate.
Annual, carnivorous herb. Leaves ± narrowly linear, 1-veined. Traps many, mouth lateral. Flowers with peduncles 20-50 mm long; yellow (or white to reddish in cleistogamous flowers). Bracts peltate. Calyx: lobes Sub-Equal. Corolla: upper lip broadly ovate; lower lip ± rhombic, deeply 3-lobed; spur ± same length as lower lip. Flowering time Dec.
Inflorescence erect 1-10 in. high, scape capillary, flexuous or zigzag, bearing small yellow flowers on pedicels about 1/4 in. long with obtuse, obscurely nerved calyx-lobes.
Traps very numerous, globose or ovoid, 0.2–0.5 mm. long, stalked, the stalk slightly shorter than the trap; mouth lateral, oblique, with two dorsal branched appendages.
Calyx lobes subequal, broadly ovate, more or less 1 mm. long at anthesis, slightly accrescent, obscurely 5-nerved, with apex obtuse or truncate.
Ovary globose; style very short; stigma inferior lip circular, superior lip more or less obsolete.
Capsule globose, 1–1.5 mm. long, dehiscing by a small ovate ventral pore.
Rhizoids and stolons capillary, few from the base of the peduncle.
Seeds numerous, ovoid, 0.2–0–24 mm. long, longitudinally striate.
Leaves linear, 1–2 cm. ×more or less 0.5 mm., 1-nerved.
Filaments filiform; anther-thecae confluent.
Terrestrial herb.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Damp open sandy or boggy ground at low altitude. Fl.--09.
Light -
Soil humidity 9-11
Soil texture 5-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Utricularia subulata unspecified picture

Distribution

Utricularia subulata world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Canada, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guyana, Hong Kong, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Suriname, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Utricularia subulata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260854-2
WFO ID wfo-0000417427
COL ID 7F4Y4
BDTFX ID 126526
INPN ID 733936
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Utricularia filiformis Utricularia triloba Utricularia oligocista Utricularia subulata Utricularia setacea Vesiculina setacea Utricularia cleistogama Utricularia marcelliana Enetophyton cleistogamum Utricularia tenuiscapa Utricularia subulata f. subulata Utricularia perpusilla Utricularia subulata f. minor Utricularia obsoleta Setiscapella subulata Utricularia angolensis Utricularia rendlei Utricularia bradei Setiscapella cleistogama Utricularia subulata var. cleistogama Utricularia subulata f. cleistogama Utricularia subulata var. minuta Utricularia subulata var. tridenticulata Utricularia subulata var. inaequalis Utricularia nervosa var. minor