Vangueria infausta Burch.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Vangueria

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 1.5-8 m tall, very similar to previous species save for the indumentum; trunk smooth, grey or eventually rough and ridged; branches often robust, ridged, pale or dark, the young parts densely ferruginous, pubescent or velvety. Leaf blades 4-30 x 2.5-18 cm, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ovate or sometimes almost round or lanceolate, rounded, subacute or ± acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded to cuneate or rarely ± subcordate at the base, often discolorous, densely pubescent to usually densely softly velvety on both surfaces; the hairs often yellowish or ferruginous in dry state; lateral nerves in 6-8 main pairs; petiole 3-10 mm long, similarly hairy; stipules with base 2-4 mm long and apical part 3-20 mm long, hairy. Inflorescences densely hairy, sometimes extensive and much branched but typically rather short; branches 1.5-3.5 cm long, each 5-10-flowered; peduncles 6-8 mm long; pedicels 1-2.5 mm long, but those of the central flower of each dichasial element c. 3.5 mm long. Calyx tube 0.75-1.2 mm long; lobes obtusely triangular to narrowly oblong, 1-1.25(2-2.5) mm long. Corolla rounded or apiculate in bud; green or yellow-green, typically densely spreading hairy outside but glabrous in some variants; tube 3-4.5 mm long; lobes 3-4 mm long with appendages up to 0.5 mm long, or practically obsolete. Style 4.5-6 mm long; pollen presenter yellow, 1 mm long. Fruit green, usually ripening to dull orange-brown or purplish, 1.5-4.7 cm in diameter, depressed subglobose. Pyrenes up to 13-20 x 6-13 x 5-8 mm.
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Shrub or small tree 1.5–8 m. tall, very similar to the last species save for the indumentum; trunk smooth, grey or eventually rough and ridged; branches ridged, the young parts densely ferruginous, pubescent or velvety.. Leaf-blades elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate or sometimes almost round or lanceolate, 4–30 cm. long, 2.5–18 cm. wide, rounded, subacute or ± acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded to cuneate or rarely ± subcordate at the base, often discolorous, deeply pubescent to usually densely softly velvety on both surfaces, the hairs often yellowish or ferruginous in dry state; petiole 0.3–1 cm. long, similarly hairy; stipules with base 2–4 mm. long and apical part 0.3–1.2 cm. long, hairy.. Inflorescences densely hairy, sometimes extensive and much branched but typically rather short, branches 1.5–3.5 cm. long, each 5–10-flowered; peduncles 6–8 mm. long; pedicels 1–2.5 mm. long, but those of the central flower of each dichasial element ± 3.5 mm. long.. Calyx-tube 0.75–1.2 mm. long; lobes obtusely triangular to narrowly oblong, 1–1.25(–2) mm. long.. Corolla green or yellow-green, typically densely spreading hairy outside but glabrous in some variants; tube 3–4.5 mm. long; lobes 3–4 mm. long with appendages up to 0.5 mm. long or practically obsolete.. Style 4.5–6 mm. long; stigmatic club yellow, 1 mm. long.. Fruit green, usually ripening to dull orange-brown or purplish, depressed subglobose, 1.5–4.7 cm. in diameter; pyrenes up to 1.3–2 cm. long, 0.6–1.3 cm. wide, 5–8 mm. thick.
Shrub or small tree, 2-7 m high; plants densely velvety. Leaves large, 40-300 x 25-180 mm, ± oblong-elliptic. Stipules connate at base, apex with linear appendage, villous within. Flowers in many-flowered, axillary, compound, dichasial cymes; bracteate. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed; tube saucer-shaped, lobes ovate. Corolla greenish yellow, hairy, 5-lobed; tube campanulate; lobes narrowly triangular, reflexed; villous in throat. Stamens 5, in corolla mouth; shortly exserted; filaments linear; anthers oblong. Ovary 5-locular, 1 pendulous ovule per locule; style terete, shortly exserted; stigma (pollen presenter) thickened, cylindric, furrowed, ± 5-lobed at apex. Fruit large, indehiscent, ± globose, with 5 pyrenes, crowned with circular scar from persistent calyx, edible.
A shrub or small deciduous tree. It grows to 3 or 4.5 m tall. It can be 7 m tall. It has a smooth grey trunk. The bark becomes rough with age. The branches are short and stout. They are soft and covered with red hair when young. The leaves are light green and leathery. The leaves are 5-30 cm long and 3.8-18 cm wide. They are often egg-shaped. The tips can be round or blunt and they are densely hairy. The veins are like nets. The flowers are greenish-white or yellow. They are small. They grow in clusters. The fruit are round and 3.8 cm across. They have a shallow crown on top and are covered with a light brown leathery skin. They have 3 seeds inside. Each seed is in a separate compartment.
Leaf blades 4–30×2.5–18 cm, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ovate or sometimes almost round or lanceolate, rounded, subacute or ± acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded to cuneate or rarely ± subcordate at the base, often discolorous, densely pubescent to usually densely softly velvety on both surfaces; the hairs often yellowish or ferruginous in dry state; lateral nerves in 6–8 main pairs; petiole 3–10 mm long, similarly hairy; stipules with base 2–4 mm long and apical part 3–20 mm long, hairy.
Inflorescences densely hairy, sometimes extensive and much branched but typically rather short; branches 1.5–3.5 cm long, each 5–10-flowered; peduncles 6–8 mm long; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long, but those of the central flower of each dichasial element c. 3.5 mm long.
Shrub or small tree 1.5–8 m tall, very similar to previous species save for the indumentum; trunk smooth, grey or eventually rough and ridged; branches often robust, ridged, pale or dark, the young parts densely ferruginous, pubescent or velvety.
Corolla rounded or apiculate in bud; green or yellow-green, typically densely spreading hairy outside but glabrous in some variants; tube 3–4.5 mm long; lobes 3–4 mm long with appendages up to 0.5 mm long, or practically obsolete.
Fruit green, usually ripening to dull orange-brown or purplish, 1.5–4.7 cm in diameter, depressed subglobose.
Calyx tube 0.75–1.2 mm long; lobes obtusely triangular to narrowly oblong, 1–1.25(2–2.5) mm long.
Pyrenes up to 13–20 × 6–13 × 5–8 mm.
Pollen presenter yellow, 1 mm long.
Style 4.5–6 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands and the highlands. It grows on stony and sandy ground. It grows in shady places. It can tolerate frost. It can tolerate drought. It grows between 10-3,333 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
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Grassland, thicket and open woodlands, often on termite mounds, in rocky places and even dunes at elevations from near sea level to 1,500 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 4-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. The fruit can be used to make a sauce or a pudding. When sugar is added, the fruit looks and tastes like apple sauce. The fruit can be dried and stored. It is later soaked and cooked. The seeds are cracked and the kernels extracted and eaten. They are roasted. They are also used as flavouring. The leaves are cooked as a green vegetable.
Uses animal food environmental use food food additive fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. The fruit are allowed to dry and then soaked in water before planting. Using fertiliser, manure or early irrigation reduces the survival and earl growth of young plants. They are adapted to low fertility and seasonal rainfall.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Vangueria infausta fruit picture by xander du Plessis (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vangueria infausta world distribution map, present in Angola, Cabo Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Vangueria infausta threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:769741-1
WFO ID wfo-0000331237
COL ID 7FF6Y
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Canthium infaustum Vangueria infausta var. virescens Vangueria infausta

Lower taxons

Vangueria infausta var. campanulata Vangueria infausta subsp. infausta Vangueria infausta subsp. rotundata