Vinca major L.

Greater periwinkle (en), Grande Pervenche (fr), Pervenche élevée (fr), Grande pervenche (fr), Pervenche à grandes fleurs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Vinca

Characteristics

Stems glabrous, long and partly trailing or running and rooting at nodes, with terminal part often ascending, forming dense mats often covering many square metres. Petiole (5)-7-20 mm long; margins hirsute. Lamina (3)-4-10 × (1.8)-2.5-7 cm, ovate, usually dark glossy green above, rarely variegated white and green; midrib hairy above; margins ciliate; base mostly rounded or subcordate, sometimes truncate or broad-cuneate; apex obtuse or acute. Pedicels 2.5-4 cm long, slender. Calyx 0.9-1.7 cm long; lobes linear-subulate, ciliate, glandular towards base. Corolla tube c. 1.5 cm long; limb (3)-3.5-5 cm diam., mauvish blue; lobes obliquely obovate; apex truncate or obtuse. Anthers slightly wider than long. Follicles 3.5-5 cm long, the apical part very narrow and pointed, constricted between seeds. Seeds 7-8 mm long, oblong, strongly corrugated; margins inrolled.
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Perennial, many-branched herb; stems 0.8-2.0 m long; flowering branches erect, vegetative branches trailing and rooting at nodes. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate to subcordate, (30-)50-90 x 25-50 mm; ciliate. Inflorescences axillary and solitary. Flowers salver-shaped, blue. Corolla: tube 20 mm long, with hairs in throat; lobes 30-50 mm, obovate with very obtuse, almost truncate apex. Stamens inserted below throat; filaments short. Gynoecium apocarpous and bicarpellate. Styles: apex ovoid with annulus, tapering to an almost truncate apex. Flowering time Aug.-Apr. Fruit a pair of erect, diverging follicles, 30-50 mm long; seed without coma.
Perennial herb to 50 cm high. Leaves with lamina ovate or ±orbicular, 15–60 mm long, 14–45 mm wide, acute, cuneate, discolorous; secondary veins 4–6 each side of midrib; tertiary venation obscure. Flowers 20–28 mm long, 30–40 mm diam.; pedicels 15–33 mm long. Sepals linear, 12–15 mm long. Corolla lilac-blue to white; tube 16–17 mm long, c. 7 mm diam. at top, 3 mm diam. at base; lobes ovate-spathulate, 16–18 mm long, 8–15 mm wide. Stamens inserted c. 9 mm from top of tube. Fruit fusiform, 35–40 mm long, c. 4 mm diam.
Herbs to 1 m tall, flowering stems to 30 cm. Leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or broadly ovate, 2-9 X 2-6 cm, base truncate or subcordate, margin ciliate with hairs 0.1-1 mm; lateral veins to 5 pairs. Pedicel 3-5 cm. Sepals narrowly triangular, ca. 9 mm, densely ciliate. Corolla bluish purple, tube 1.2-1.5 cm, limb 3-5 cm in diam., lobes obliquely truncate. Anthers short, applanate, apex puberulent. Follicles spreading, ca. 5 cm. Fl. Mar-May. 2n = 92.
A herb. It is a trailing plant. It grows 45 cm high and spreads 1.5-3 m wide. It keeps growing from year to year. It keeps its leaves. The stems are slender and leathery. The leaves are glossy and dark green. They can be patterned. The flowers are open and mauve or purple. They are wide and flat.
More robust than no. 1 [Vinca minor L.], the flowering branches to 5 dm tall; lvs deltoid-ovate, 3–7 cm, ciliate; cor-tube 12–20 mm, the limb 3.5–5 cm wide; 2n=92. Native of s. Europe, occasionally escaped in s. U.S., n. to Va. and Ill. Apr., May.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.25
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in wet gullies. It is shade tolerant. It grows well in Mediterranean climates. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 7-11. Tasmania Herbarium. In Yunnan.
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Naturalisedin disturbed areas such as roadsides, cultivation or railway lines. Native toMediterranean region.
Copses and hedgerows in S. England.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Antilactogogue (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Hemostatic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Abortifacient (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor(Uvula) (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (root)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vinca major habit picture by felix (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Vinca major leaf picture by bk him (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major leaf picture by Laura Albors Flores (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major leaf picture by Ludovic DYEN (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vinca major flower picture by marc thabouret (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major flower picture by Bart Batsleer (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major flower picture by xoanpi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vinca major fruit picture by Raphaëlle joubert (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major fruit picture by MICHEL DUSSERE (cc-by-sa)
Vinca major fruit picture by claude Souillard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vinca major world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, China, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:82697-1
WFO ID wfo-0000332784
COL ID 5BFGF
BDTFX ID 75435
INPN ID 129468
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vinca major f. variegata Vinca major Vinca grandiflora Pervinca major

Lower taxons

Vinca major subsp. balcanica Vinca major subsp. hirsuta Vinca major subsp. major