Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) D.Dietr.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Polygalaceae > Xanthophyllum

Characteristics

Shrub or tree, up to 30 m, 36 cm dbh. Axillary buds varying from narrowly triangular with strongly thickened base and then often 1.5-3 mm long, to rhomboid-ovate or ovate-oblong and then often 6-11 mm long. Petiole 8—14(—16) mm, very often with a pair of glands in apical half. Leaf-blade 8-20(-30) by 3.5-11 cm, sometimes a few leaves of a twig smaller; above greyish green to yellowish brown; midrib protruding to nearly flat in basal half; beneath: secondary nerves (6 or) 7—9(— 11) pairs, in apical half forming an indistinct intramarginal nerve; glands mostly more than 10, near midrib or scattered, 0.2-0.4 mm diam., basal glands mostly present. Inflorescences branched, 8-30 cm long, branches often in pairs in lower part; axes basally mostly strongly flattened, grooved, glabrous to densely shortly patently or less often appressedly hairy; in basal part flowers with up to 3 together, solitary in apical part; lower bracts nearly opposite. Pedicel 1.5-5.5 mm, very rarely longer, grooved, densely shortly patently (sometimes appressedly) hairy. Sepals basally often more or less thickened and wrinkled; outer sepals (1.7—)2—3.3(—3.9) by 1.9-4 mm; inner sepals (2.6-)3-5.3(-5.7) by (2.5-)3-4(-5) mm. Petals dark yellow to white, when dry orange to dark reddish and often with white incrustations, the longest one (7—)8—12, exceptionally up to 15.5 mm; carina densely appressedly hairy outside; other petals glabrous outside or with a few hairs at apex. Stamens: 8, very rarely 9; filaments free or connate over up to 0.7 mm, widened above base and with a knob-like, rather densely hairy appendage at inner side, further glabrous; anthers 0.4-0.6(-0.7) mm long. Ovary subsessile or up to 1 mm stipitate, half-patently hairy; style hairy in basal half, little hairy upwards; ovules 4. Fruit globular, up to 1.8 cm diam., often wrinkled when dry, rather dull or rarely shiny, usually light brown, sometimes dark reddish brown, hairy; pericarp rather thin.
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A tree. It grows to 35 m high. The trunk can be 66 cm across. The leaves are oblong or oval and they taper to the tip. They are 7-35 cm long by 3-11 cm wide. The midrib is raised above. There are 6-11 pairs of secondary veins. These form a vein around the leaf edge. The flowers can be white to dark yellow. The fruit is round and light brown or reddish brown. It is 1.8 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Undisturbed to slightly disturbed (open) mixed dipterocarp, keranga, swamp and sub-montane forests up to 1,000 metres. Usually on alluvial sites near or along rivers and streams, but also on hillsides.
More
A tropical plant. It grows in open and swamp forests up to 1,000 m above sea level. It is often on alluvial sites and along rivers but can be on hillsides. It grows on sandy and clay soils.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

It yields an edible oil.
Uses food material oil wood
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Xanthophyllum vitellinum world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692915-1
WFO ID wfo-0000428348
COL ID 5C7CB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jakkia longifolia Xanthophyllum vitellinum Xanthophyllum paniculatum Xanthophyllum hookerianum Xanthophyllum curtisii Xanthophyllum kunstleri Jakkia vitellina Monnina longifolia Banisterodes longifolia Banisterodes vitellina Xanthophyllum robustum Xanthophyllum longifolium Monnina vitellina Xanthophyllum griffithii var. curtisii