Zantedeschia aethiopica Spreng.

Calla lily (en), Richarde (fr), Zantedeschie d'Éthiopie (fr), Arum d'Éthiopie (fr), Calla d'Éthiopie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Araceae > Zantedeschia

Characteristics

Plants glabrous up to 60 cm tall (sometimes up to 2.5 m under trees). Leaves evergreen, up to 60 cm long; petiole green: blade usually immaculate, characteristically more or less spreading and leathery, varied in shape but usually broadly ovate-cordate or hastate, 15-20 cm long, 10-15 cm broad at the base, apex obtuse or acute, the length of the blade above the basal lobes usually less than twice the width. Peduncle 30-60 cm long, green, glabrous. Triangular in cross-section, 2.5 x 2 cm at base. Spathe about 15 cm long, 12 cm broad, ivory-white inside, bright green at base outside merging into white upwards, longitudinally veined, folded from slightly below the insertion of the spadix into a wide-mouthed funnel, limb obliquely spreading, ending in a green recurving 2 cm long apiculus. Spadix sessile, male zone about 7 cm long, anthers bright yellow, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad with 2 pores, pollen white; female zone about 1.8 cm long, ovaries interspersed with numerous mushroom-shaped staminodes; ovaries about 4 mm long, globose, grooved, pale yellow-green grading to whitish at the lip, tapering to a short style 1.5 mm long, 3 locular, each locule with 14 ovules. Fruits numerous 1.2 cm long, 1-1.2 cm in diam. across the top, green at first, becoming soft and orange coloured at the base and greenish at the apex when ripe, tapering to a triangular base with a short persistent style at the apex, seeds 1-12. Its main flowering period is from August until January, but in Natal and the Transvaal occasional flowers are found from February to July.
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Robust, evergreen, erect, clump-forming, to 1.5 m high, in close-set tufts from a tuberous rootstock with white fleshy roots; new tubers arising from shoots on the rootstock. Leaves large, leathery; laminae sagittate or ovate-cordate, 15-45 × 10-25 cm, dark green, the very fine veins somewhat lighter green, shining, entire, tip apiculate, margins undulate; petiole 40-100 cm long, lighter green, spongy, white on inside, purplish on outside. Scape ± = leaves, green, stout. Spathe ivory-white, bright green at base on outside, to 25 cm long, funnel-shaped, narrowed towards tip with a recurved apiculus to 2 cm long. Spadix ± ½ spathe, bright yellow; basal female zone, with staminodia interspersed, c. ¼-½ length of spadix, contiguous with upper male zone; sterile terminal appendage 0. Berries green or yellow, to ± 1 cm diam.
A succulent herb. It is a perennial plant. The roots are fleshy and form underground storage organs. It grows 90-120 cm high and 50-75 cm wide. Plants form dense clumps of leaves. The leaves are glossy and arrow-shaped. They are 40 cm long. The leaves are on stalks arising from the base of the plant. The stalks can be 40 cm long. The leaf stalks have a sticky sap when broken. The flowers have white spathes and a yellow spadix. The white spathes are funnel shaped with a split down the side. The stalk or spadix in the centre has true flowers are clustered along this. After flowering oval yellow berries form and these have round seed.
Evergreen rhizomatous herb; rhizome tuberous, creeping. Leaves several together; petiole to c. 1.2 m long, glabrous, sheathing in lower ⅓–½; sheath persistent; blade hastosagittate, to c. 60 cm long, dull mid green to somewhat glossy dark green. Inflorescence solitary, rarely 2 together, produced in sequence interspersed with foliage leaves; spathe to c. 25 cm long, trumpet-shaped, with limb spreading and distally reflexed, white to cream, green at base; pistils interspersed with staminodes; male zone golden; lower spathe persistent in fruit, becoming green, limb marcescent. Berries yellow-orange.
Perennial geophyte, up to 350-600(-1200) mm high. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, broadly ovate, basal lobes rounded, 150-300 x 100-200 mm, usually without spots. Inflorescence a spadix wrapped in a spathe; spathe funnel-shaped, 90-150 x 60-120 mm, white, lightly scented, without a purple blotch at base inside; female flowers interspersed with staminodes. Flowering time Oct.-Mar. (May.
Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high; evergreen. Leaves with blade broadly ovate-cordate, 150200 x 100-150 mm. Flowers: female flowers interspersed with staminodes; spathe ivory-white with bright green at base; Sep.-Feb. Fruit ± spherical, ± 12 mm long, green becoming orange at base when ripe.
Rhizomatous geophyte, 0.6-1 m tall. Leaves sagittate, on long spongy petioles. Flowers on a yellow spadix, surrounded by a large, funnel-shaped, white spathe, faintly scented. Berries soft and yellow when ripe, peduncle erect in fruit.
Evergreen perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 150-200 x 100-150 mm, up to 0.6 m long. Female flowers interspersed with staminodes. Spathe ivory-white with bright green at base.
This species is easily distinguished from Z. albomaculata by its pure white spathes and the numerous clavate-spathulate staminodes scattered among the pistillate flowers.
Rhizomatous geophyte, 60-100 cm. Leaves sagittate, on long spongy petioles. Flowers with large white spathe and yellow spadix.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It can stand light frosts. It can grow naturally along watercourses. It suits swampy areas. They can grow in full sun or light shade. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 8-11. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Grows in open marshy places and creek banks withhigh nutrient levels. 
Wet marshy places.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-9
Soil texture 1-7
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

CAUTION: The flower stalk and the roots are poisonous if eaten raw. Like many plants in this family they contain oxalates that need special processing to remove these. The young leaves and leaf stalks are eaten as a vegetable. Roasting and boiling removes the toxicity.
Uses dye environmental use food medicinal poison
Edible leaves roots
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Gout (leaf), Burn (unspecified), Homeopathy (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed sown as soon as ripe and at 21-27°C. They can be grown by division of the clump. The tubers are planted 30-40 cm apart and 10 cm deep.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Zantedeschia aethiopica habit picture by beurny (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica habit picture by Denis Bastianelli (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica habit picture by Szabolcs Frater (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Zantedeschia aethiopica leaf picture by Oli Haill (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica leaf picture by Keru Keru (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica leaf picture by beurny (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Zantedeschia aethiopica flower picture by Marcel Boyer (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica flower picture by Carolyn Jones (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica flower picture by Christian Baigue (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Zantedeschia aethiopica fruit picture by pas durdu (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica fruit picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)
Zantedeschia aethiopica fruit picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Zantedeschia aethiopica world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Bermuda, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, France, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Lesotho, Morocco, Mozambique, Norfolk Island, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Réunion, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Zantedeschia aethiopica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:89403-1
WFO ID wfo-0000335148
COL ID 5CW7S
BDTFX ID 73190
INPN ID 130605
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arodes aethiopica Pseudohomalomena pastoensis Richardia aethiopica Colocasia aethiopica Calla aethiopica Calla ambigua Calla moschata Otosma ethiopica Richardia africana Zantedeschia aethiopica