Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche

Macadamia nut (en), Noyer du Queensland (fr), Noix du Queensland (fruit) (fr), Noix de macadamia (fruit) (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Proteales > Proteaceae > Macadamia

Characteristics

Tree 6-18 m tall. Adult leaves in whorls of 3; petiole 6-18 mm long; lamina ovate to obovate, 6.5-14 cm long, 2-6.5 cm wide, glossy above, paler below, stiffly coriaceous, glabrescent; base very shortly attenuate; margin weakly undulate, entire to spinose; apices acute to obtuse, with a rounded tip or occasionally retuse, ±mucronate; midrib prominent below, flattened above. Conflorescence simple; rachis 8.5-25 cm long; bract ovate, concave, 0.5-5 mm long. Tepals 5-10 mm long, cream. Filaments 4.5-7 mm long, adnate to tepals for 3-5.5 mm. Anthers 0.7-2.2 mm long. Ovary 0.5-2 mm long; style 7.5-11 mm long. Fruit globose, 3-4 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide; pericarp 2.2-6 mm thick. Seeds 25-31 mm long, 24-30 mm wide; testa 6-10 mm thick.
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Tree, 6-18 m high. Leaves in whorls of 3; lamina ovate to obovate, 65-140 x 20-65 mm, glossy above, paler below, stiffly coriaceous, glabrescent, base very shortly attenuate, apex acute to obtuse, tip rounded, ± mucronate, margins weakly undulate, entire to spinose; midrib prominent below; petioles 6-18 mm long. Inflorescence: rachis 85-250 mm long with flowers in regular, sessile or shortly pedicellate pairs. Tepals 5-10 mm long, cream-coloured. Filaments up to 7 mm long. Anthers 0.7-2.2 mm long. Ovary up to 2 mm long; style up to 11 mm long, tip swollen, functioning as pollen presenter. Fruit a globose follicle, 30-40 x 20-45 mm; pericarp leathery, up to 6 mm thick.
A medium size evergreen tree. It grows 18 m tall and spreads 15 m wide. It has a bushy habit. Young growth is pale green. Young leaves are long and toothed at the edge. Leaves are 10-20 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. They occur in whorls or rings of 3 or 4 leaves. They are stiff and dark green. The leaves are entire with a wavy or slightly prickly edge. Flowers occur in clustered stalks 10-30 cm long. They occur in the axils of leaves and hang downwards. The flowers are about 1.2 cm long. They are slender and white. The fruit are 3-4 cm across and green and leathery. The nuts are produced in a hanging cluster. They are 2-3 cm across and round. They are smooth and shiny.
Trees 5-18 m tall. Leaves mostly in whorls of 3; petiole 4-18 mm; leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, 5-15 × 2-6.5 cm, leathery, base attenuate, margin irregularly spiny toothed or entire, apex acute to obtuse and sometimes retuse. Inflorescences axillary, simple, 8.5-25 cm, sparingly puberulous; bracts of flower pairs ovate, 0.5-5 mm. Pedicel 3-4 mm. Perianth white or yellowish, 5-11 mm, pilose. Anthers 0.7-2.2 mm. Ovary and base of style brownish villous. Fruit globose, 2-4.5 cm in diam.; pericarp 2-6 mm thick. Seed usually 1, testa bony, smooth. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Aug.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 10.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in the highlands in the tropics. It is native to Australia. In Australia trees grow naturally in rain forests in the subtropics. It suits humid locations. Soils need to be well-drained. They need a sheltered site as they suffer from wind damage. They do best in humus rich soils. They can tolerate light frosts. It has been introduced to other countries from Australia. It does well at 1000 to 1200 m altitude in Papua New Guinea and will grow up to 1700 m. In XTBG Yunnan. It suits hardiness zones 9-11.
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Dry rainforests of the eastern coastal scrub. Found mainly on alluvial situations bordering rivers and creeks where the fertile volcanic soils are rich in humus.
Dry rainforests of the eastern coastal scrub. Found mainly on alluvial situations bordering rivers and creeks where the fertile volcanic soils are rich in humus.
Grows in remnant rainforest.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The nuts are eaten raw although some kinds are roasted. They can be coated with chocolate or carob and used in pastries, candies, ice cream, cakes and pies. The oil can be used with salads and stir-fried dishes.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food gene source material medicinal oil ornamental
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are mostly grown from seed. Seed should be sown fresh. Seeds germinate quickly and easily. They can be grown from cuttings. Plants can be grown by budding or grafting. Pruning increases branching. A spacing of 5 to 10 m is suitable. Many varieties need pollinator trees and bees to assist pollination.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 10 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -