Dendrocnide Miq.

Genus

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae

Characteristics

Trees or shrubs, evergreen, branches sympodial, often with terminal rosettes of leaves, armed with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, spiral, petiolate; stipules deciduous, intrapetiolar, completely connate, leathery, often large, apex entire; leaf blade leathery or papery, pinnately veined, rarely 3-5-veined, margin entire, undulate, or crenulate; cystoliths punctiform. Inflorescences solitary, pedunculate, generally forming cymose-panicles or racemes unisexual (plants dioecious); female glomerules often with thickened, fleshy flabellate receptacle; bracts present. Male flowers 4-or 5-merous; filaments of stamens inflexed in bud; rudimentary ovary conspicuous. Female flowers: perianth lobes 4, connate at base, subequal, lateral lobes slightly larger; staminodes absent. Ovary ovoid, erect; stigma filiform or ligulate, papillous on 1 side; ovule orthotropous. Achene slightly oblique, often compressed, often large, verrucose, persistent stigma usually reflexed; pedicels simple or swollen, cylindric, not winged. Seeds with thin or no endosperm; cotyledons broad.
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Shrubs or trees with irritant hairs, dioecious or monoecious. Leaves alternate, simple, coriaceous, crenulate, undulate to smooth, petiolate; stipules entirely connate, intrapetiolar, coriaceous. Inflorescence axillary, pedunculate, racemose, bracteate. Flowers free, in small fascicles or on flabellate receptacles. Male flowers: tepals 4, rarely 5; stamens 4, rarely 5; pistillode present. Female flowers sessile to pedicellate, flabellately or distichously arranged, or in loose fascicles; tepals 4; ovary ovoid, unilocular; stigmas usually ligulate; ovule erect; staminodes absent; pedicels simple or swollen. Achenes compressed or ellipsoidal to ovoid, not chartaceous, usually strongly warty.
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Usage

Medicinal uses, e.g. see Williams (2012).
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