Fumaria Tourn. ex L.

Fumitory (en), Fumeterre (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Papaveraceae

Characteristics

Herbs, summer annual, glaucous, glabrous, with slender taproot. Stems angular, leafy and branched throughout. Leaves alternate, 2 or 3(or 4) × pinnate, or lower leaves 2 or 3 × ternatisect; lower leaves long petiolate; upper leaves shortly petiolate or sessile. Inflorescences leaf-opposed [i.e., displaced-terminal], racemose, subspicate, soon elongating; bracts linear-oblong, scarious. Flowers zygomorphic, on short pedicels. Sepals petaloid, dentate. Upper outer petal with short saccate spur; inner petals fused at apex; nectary short, obtuse. Stamens 2 (= filaments of each triplet completely fused). Stigma transversely oblong, with indistinct papillae. Fruit a ± globular nut, with 2 small depressions at apex. All species self-compatible, and many predominantly selfing.
More
Glabrous, herbaceous annuals with erect, semi-erect or weakly climbing stems, inodorous, taprooted. Leaves: 2–4-pinnatisect when mature; immature leaves simple to ternate. Inflorescence a leaf-opposed or terminal elongated raceme. Pedicel short, subtended by bracts. Flowers zygomorphic. Sepals often peltately attached, lateral. Petals entire; dorsal petal produced into a rounded spur; inner pair of petals joined at apex. Stamens 6. Stigma usually 2-lobed. Fruit nut-like, indehiscent, 1-seeded, approximately spherical, with 2 apical pits.
Fls asymmetrical; sep small, closely appressed; pet elongate, ± connivent, the upper one of the 2 outer ones spurred at the base, the 2 outer dilated at the summit, the 2 inner (lateral) coherent at the summit over the stigma; fr 1-seeded, indehiscent, globose or nearly so; style deciduous; mostly annuals with the aspect of Corydalis. 50, Old World.
Glabrous herbs; lvs dissected, usually glaucous or dull. Only the upper petal spurred; fls white or pink with conspicuous dark red, purple or black tips to at least the inner petals. Ovules 1, or 1 on each placenta. Fr. a 1-seeded nutlet.
Flowers zygomorphic in leaf-opposed racemes.
Ovules 1 or 1 on each placenta.
Only the upper petal spurred.
Leaves all cauline.
Fruit a nutlet.
Annual herbs.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Root system tap-root
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Environment

In Australia they are commonly weeds of cultivated land and wastelands not prone to waterlogging.
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Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
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Cultivation

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