Cypripedium L.

Slipper orchids (en), Sabot de vénus (fr), Cypripède (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae

Characteristics

Herbs, with short or long rhizomes and many thickened fibrous roots. Stem erect, elongate or short, clustered or well spaced, often with several sheaths at base. Leaves 1 to several, alternate to opposite, sometimes prostrate on substrate, sheathing and amplexicaul at base; blade adaxially green or sometimes marked with black-purple spots, often elliptic to ovate, rarely cordate or flabellate, with parallel, radiating, or 3-5 prominent veins. Inflorescence terminal, with a solitary flower or rarely many flowers; floral bracts often leaflike, usually smaller than leaves, rarely absent; ovary 1-locular. Flowers usually large and showy. Dorsal sepal erect or hooded over lip; lateral sepals usually united to form a synsepal, but free in Cypripedium plectrochilum. Petals spreading horizontally, at an angle below horizontal, or enfolding sides of lip, sometimes spirally twisted; lip deeply pouched and inflated, subglobose or ellipsoid, with incurved lateral lobes and usually also apical margin, hairy within on bottom. Column short, with 2 lateral fertile stamens, a terminal staminode above, and a stigma below; anthers 2-locular, with very short filaments; pollen powdery or glutinous; staminodes often elliptic to ovate, very rarely ligulate or linear, base stalked or not; stigma ± papillose, inconspicuously 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule.
More
Herbs, perennial. Roots closely to widely spaced along rhizome, slender, fleshy; rhizomes short to elongate. Stems leafy or scapose. Leaves alternate, in single radical pair, or subopposite near midpoint of stem, ascending to spreading, plicate, bases sheathing stem. Inflorescences terminal, solitary; flowers solitary or 2–several in lax racemose spike; bracts large, foliaceous. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals distinct or lateral sepals usually connate proximal to lip forming synsepal; petals entire; lip inflated, slipper-or sac-shaped, with adaxial orifice; pollinaria absent; loose granular pollen in 2 lateral anthers, dorsal anther a large subapical staminode; stigma free, 2–3-lobed. Fruits capsules, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid.
Sep and lateral pet somewhat differentiated, widely spreading, the 2 lower sep usually connate; lip a large inflated pouch, its margins ± inrolled around the orifice; column declined over the orifice of the lip, bearing a fertile stamen (with granular, irregularly coherent pollen) on each side and dilated staminode above; perennial from fibrous roots, the erect stem bearing 2–several basal or cauline lvs and 1 or 2 large fls. 50, N. Temp.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-6
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cypripedium unspecified picture

Distribution

Cypripedium world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Myanmar, Montenegro, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Norway, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30008155-2
WFO ID wfo-4000010482
COL ID 8VWPC
BDTFX ID 86279
INPN ID 191470
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ciripedium Schizopedium Cypripedium Sacodon Criogenes

Lower taxons

Cypripedium x herae Cypripedium sichuanense Cypripedium wardii Cypripedium x andrewsii Cypripedium arietinum Cypripedium bardolphianum Cypripedium calcicola Cypripedium californicum Cypripedium candidum Cypripedium x columbianum Cypripedium cordigerum Cypripedium debile Cypripedium dickinsonianum Cypripedium elegans Cypripedium fargesii Cypripedium farreri Cypripedium fasciculatum Cypripedium fasciolatum Cypripedium flavum Cypripedium formosanum Cypripedium forrestii Cypripedium franchetii Cypripedium guttatum Cypripedium henryi Cypripedium himalaicum Cypripedium irapeanum Cypripedium japonicum Cypripedium kentuckiense Cypripedium lentiginosum Cypripedium lichiangense Cypripedium ludlowii Cypripedium luzmarianum Cypripedium macranthos Cypripedium margaritaceum Cypripedium micranthum Cypripedium molle Cypripedium palangshanense Cypripedium plectrochilum Cypripedium segawae Cypripedium shanxiense Cypripedium subtropicum Cypripedium taibaiense Cypripedium tibeticum Cypripedium ventricosum Cypripedium wardii Cypripedium wumengense Cypripedium yatabeanum Cypripedium yunnanense Cypripedium passerinum Cypripedium favillianum Cypripedium susanae Cypripedium x catherinae Cypripedium x wenqingiae Cypripedium x alaskanum Cypripedium montanum Cypripedium reginae Cypripedium parviflorum Cypripedium acaule Cypripedium calceolus