Lonicera caerulea L.

Deepblue honeysuckle (en), Chèvrefeuille bleu (fr), Camérisier bleu (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Dipsacales > Caprifoliaceae > Lonicera

Characteristics

Shrubs, deciduous, to 2.5 m tall. Branches with solid pith. Bark flaking. Buds divaricate, sometimes with accessory ones. Winter buds with several pairs of scales, outer pair long acuminate and obscuring inner ones. Interpetiolar stipules sometimes reniform and fused to 6 mm; leaf blade ovate to oblong or obovate, 1-6 × 1-3 cm, both surfaces with sparse short hairs, more densely so and spreading hairy on midvein, sometimes subglabrous, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences axillary, paired flowers; peduncle 2-10 mm; bracts linear, 2-3 × as long as ovaries; bracteoles glabrous, fused into a cupule tightly enclosing free ovaries. Corolla tubular-funnelform, 10-15 mm, outside puberulent, shallowly gibbous at base; lobes regular, 2-3 mm. Stamens exserted from corolla. Ovaries 2-locular; style exserted and glabrous. Cupule tightly fused around 2 berries, blue-black, pruinose, forming an elliptic to oblong-elliptic compound fruit, ca. 1.5 cm. Seeds brown, globose to ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
More
Shrub to 1 m, with upright branches, variable in pubescence; lvs oval to oblong, 2–8 cm, usually widest above the middle, obtuse or rounded at the tip, veiny, hairy beneath; peduncles axillary, 3–10 mm; bracts narrow, often much exceeding the ovaries; bractlets wholly concrescent into a cupule closely surrounding and ripening with the ovaries, the cal barely emerging; cor 10–15 mm, yellowish, gibbous at base, the 5 subequal lobes about equaling the tube; style glabrous; fr blue; 2n=18. Swamps and wet woods; ± circumboreal, in Amer. from Lab. to Mack., s. to Pa., Mich., Minn., and Calif. May–July. Ours may be called var. villosa (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray. (L. villosa)
A deciduous shrub. It grows 1.8-2.4 m high. The crown can be 2 m wide. The branches are thick. The bark is grey-brown and peels in narrow strips. The new leaves can be reddish bronze and have a velvety feel. The leaves are 5-8 cm long. They are narrowly oval. The flowers occur in pairs. They are 12 mm long and yellow. The fruit are deep blue. They are 1 cm long. They develop a whitish bloom when ripe. Lonicera caerulea var. edulis has larger edible fruit. There are several small seeds. They are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It can grow in full sun or light shade. Plants cannot tolerate wind. It is cold hardy and can tolerate temperatures down to-40°C. It only has a short chilling requirement. It is best is slightly acidic or neutral pH soils. It can grow in alkaline soils. It suits hardiness zones 2-8. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Low ground.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 3-8
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-6

Usage

CAUTION: The fruit are used to make jam, jellies or drinks.
Uses environmental use food medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity toxic (seed), toxic (fruit)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. They can also be grown from cuttings. Plants should be spaced 1 m apart. Male and female plants need to be grown together for fruiting.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lonicera caerulea habit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea habit picture by Сергей Спрингис (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lonicera caerulea leaf picture by Noworyta jaro (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea leaf picture by jn.bt (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea leaf picture by jf C (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lonicera caerulea flower picture by eLJot (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea flower picture by Kryštof Mec (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea flower picture by poirriez (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lonicera caerulea fruit picture by jn.bt (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea fruit picture by molockk (cc-by-sa)
Lonicera caerulea fruit picture by Noëlle Dorion (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lonicera caerulea world distribution map, present in Canada, China, France, and United States of America

Conservation status

Lonicera caerulea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:148657-1
WFO ID wfo-0000359746
COL ID 6QMR8
BDTFX ID 39866
INPN ID 106555
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Isika coerulea Lonicera boczkarnikovae Lonicera velutina Lonicera venulosa Xylosteon oblongifolium Xylosteon canadense Xylosteon caeruleum Caprifolium caeruleum Caprifolium venulosum Chamaecerasus coerulea Lonicera kamtschatica Metalonicera edulis Lonicera kirilowi Euchylia caerulea Lonicera edulis Lonicera emphyllocalyx Lonicera caerulea var. tangutica Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Lonicera caerulea var. altaica Lonicera venulosa subsp. edulis Lonicera venulosa subsp. emphyllocalyx Lonicera caerulea subsp. kamtschatica Lonicera caerulea subsp. venulosa Lonicera caerulea

Lower taxons

Lonicera caerulea subsp. pallasii Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica Lonicera caerulea subsp. borbasiana Lonicera caerulea var. cauriana Lonicera caerulea 'Amfora' Lonicera caerulea 'Aurora' Lonicera caerulea 'Berry Blue®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Belle®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Bird®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Forest®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Lightning®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Moon®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Nova®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Pacific®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Sky®' Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Velvet®' Lonicera caerulea 'Boreal Beast' Lonicera caerulea 'Boreal Beauty' Lonicera caerulea 'Boreal Blizzard' Lonicera caerulea 'Borealis' Lonicera caerulea 'Chito' Lonicera caerulea 'Desertnaya' Lonicera caerulea 'Dolce Vita' Lonicera caerulea 'Fialka' Lonicera caerulea 'George Bugnet' Lonicera caerulea 'Goluboye Verenteno' Lonicera caerulea 'Hoka' Lonicera caerulea 'Honey Bee' Lonicera caerulea 'Ivushka' Lonicera caerulea 'Julia Bugnet' Lonicera caerulea 'Kaido' Lonicera caerulea 'Kapel' Lonicera caerulea 'Kapu' Lonicera caerulea 'Kawai' Lonicera caerulea 'Keiko' Lonicera caerulea 'Kuchi' Lonicera caerulea 'Maxines Opus' Lonicera caerulea 'Morena' Lonicera caerulea 'Nymfa' Lonicera caerulea 'Pavlovskaya' Lonicera caerulea 'Pirika' Lonicera caerulea 'Rassvet' Lonicera caerulea 'Smokey Blue®' Lonicera caerulea 'Start' Lonicera caerulea 'Taka' Lonicera caerulea 'Tana' Lonicera caerulea 'Tundra' Lonicera caerulea 'Viola' Lonicera caerulea 'Willa' Lonicera caerulea 'Zolushka'