Lupinus L.

Lupine (en), Lupin (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae

Characteristics

Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves usually digitately 5–11(–17)-foliolate, sometimes (not in Africa) 1–3-foliolate; stipules adnate to base of petiole. Flowers usually numerous in terminal and leaf-opposed racemes, alternate to verti-cillate; bracteoles often attached to calyx. Calyx deeply divided, 2-lipped, the 3 lower lobes, at least, largely joined. Corolla variously coloured; standard with a short claw and broad blade, the sides of which are often partially reflexed at anthesis; wings broad, generally enveloping keel and often marginally adherent; keel beaked. Stamens all joined into a closed tube; anthers alternately long and short. Ovary usually sessile, 2-many-ovulate; style incurved, glabrous except often for a ring of hairs beneath the terminal stigma. Pod laterally flattened to various degrees, often constricted between the seeds, dehiscent. Seeds generally orbicular-rectangular to oblong-elliptic, more rounded on the chalaza side, with a prominent radicular lobe and a small sunken hilum; rim-aril inconspicuous.
More
the leaflets narrow, pubescent, sometimes sericeous, sometimes glaucous, with a single midnerve; petiolules inconspicuous; petioles elongate; stipules mostly narrow, adnate to the petiole. Inflorescences often showy, blue, purple, red or yellow, racemose, the rachis terminal, several-many flowered; pedicels slender. Flowers with the calyx 2-lipped nearly to the base, the upper lip about as long as the lower; corolla glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the standard broad, the wings apically connate, the keel often beaked; stamens monadelphous, the fila-ments unequal, glabrous, the anthers dimorphic; ovary sessile, the style curved upwards, the stigma capitate, often bearded. Legume oblong, somewhat com-pressed and obliquely constricted between the seeds, dehiscing explosively with a spiral tension, 2-12 seeded; seeds plump with a small, sunken hilum.
Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. Lvs palmately 5-or more foliolate, very rarely 3-or 1-foliolate, petiolate; leaflets entire; principal lateral veins conspicuous or not; stipules adnate to petiole. Infls terminal, racemose, few-to many-flowered; bracts usually caducous. Calyx bilabiate; lips much > tube; upper 2 lobes connate into an entire, 2-toothed or 2-partite lip; lower 3 lobes connate into an entire or 3-toothed lip. Stamens connate into a closed tube; alternate anthers long and basifixed or short and versatile. Style glabrous; stigma terminal, often bearded. Pod 2-valved, ± straight, dehiscent, not armed, 2-many-seeded; seeds estrophiolate, rough or smooth.
Cal deeply bilabiate, the upper lip 2-toothed, the lower entire or 3-lobed; standard suborbicular with strongly reflexed sides; wings united toward the summit; keel-pet strongly convex on the lower side, prolonged into a beak-like apex; stamens 10, monadelphous into a closed tube for about half their length; anthers alternately linear or minute and subglobose; pods oblong, flattened, with 2–several seeds; herbs with palmately compound, 1–many-foliolate lvs and handsome white, yellow, pink, or blue fls in terminal racemes or spikes. 200, widespread.
Corolla variously coloured, often variegated; standard with a short claw and broad blade, the sides of which are often partially reflexed at anthesis; wings broad, generally enveloping the keel and often marginally adherent; keel beaked.
Seeds prolate, with the small hilum on a short side, the radicular side nearly straight to concave, the opposing side rounded and often bulging below the hilum, the radicular lobe small and receding.
Mostly erect or ascending herbs, rarely shrubs; roots sometimes stout, some-times with large nodules; stems mostly pubescent. Leaves 5-or more digitate,
Flowers usually numerous in terminal and leaf-opposed racemes, alternate to verticillate; bracteoles often attached to the calyx.
Leaves usually digitately 5–11(17)-foliolate, elsewhere sometimes 1–3-foliolate; stipules adnate to the base of the petiole.
Ovary usually sessile, 2–many-ovulate; style incurved, glabrous except often for a ring of hairs below the terminal stigma.
Calyx deeply 2-lipped; upper lobes separate to largely joined; lower lip entire to shortly 3-toothed.
Pod laterally flattened to varying degrees, often constricted between the seeds, dehiscent.
Stamens all joined in a closed tube; anthers alternately long and short.
Herbs or rarely shrubs.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.75 - 1.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 18
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Lupinus unspecified picture

Distribution

Lupinus world distribution map, present in New Zealand, Panama, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60436956-2
WFO ID wfo-4000022442
COL ID 62Y3D
BDTFX ID 86739
INPN ID 194315
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lupinus sp. Lupinus

Lower taxons

Lupinus radiatus Lupinus alirevolutus Lupinus arbustus Lupinus arcticus Lupinus bandelierae Lupinus bangii Lupinus barkeri Lupinus benthamii Lupinus bingenensis Lupinus boyacensis Lupinus brachypremnon Lupinus buchtienii Lupinus burkei Lupinus croceus Lupinus culbertsonii Lupinus dalesae Lupinus densiflorus Lupinus depressus Lupinus diffusus Lupinus disjunctus Lupinus elmeri Lupinus garfieldensis Lupinus kellermanianus Lupinus laudandrus Lupinus lechlerianus Lupinus ledigianus Lupinus lespedezoides Lupinus lobbianus Lupinus lorenzensis Lupinus lutescens Lupinus maculatus Lupinus magdalenensis Lupinus magnificus Lupinus abramsii Lupinus nevadensis Lupinus pallidus Lupinus paranensis Lupinus purdieanus Lupinus purosericeus Lupinus pycnostachys Lupinus reflexus Lupinus revolutus Lupinus richardianus Lupinus romasanus Lupinus roseolus Lupinus rotundiflorus Lupinus ruizensis Lupinus rusbyanus Lupinus santanderensis Lupinus saxatilis Lupinus subinflatus Lupinus subvexus Lupinus sufferrugineus Lupinus syriggedes Lupinus tarapacensis Lupinus tracyi Lupinus ulbrichianus Lupinus uleanus Lupinus ventosus Lupinus lapidicola Lupinus duranii Lupinus affinis Lupinus albescens Lupinus alopecuroides Lupinus clarkei Lupinus comptus Lupinus coriaceus Lupinus crotalarioides Lupinus decurrens Lupinus havardii Lupinus hornemannii Lupinus interruptus Lupinus lepidus Lupinus luteolus Lupinus microcarpus Lupinus minimus Lupinus onustus Lupinus pusillus Lupinus sabineanus Lupinus sericeus Lupinus sparsiflorus Lupinus succulentus Lupinus sulphureus Lupinus malacophyllus Lupinus westianus Lupinus uncialis Lupinus constancei Lupinus costaricensis Lupinus truncatus Lupinus burkeri Lupinus cumulicola Lupinus fulcratus Lupinus peirsonii Lupinus punto-reyesensis Lupinus valerioi Lupinus sellulus Lupinus subcarnosus Lupinus confertus Lupinus spectabilis Lupinus volutans Lupinus polycarpus Lupinus apertus Lupinus vallicola Lupinus cusickii Lupinus johannis-howellii Lupinus angustiflorus Lupinus obtusilobus Lupinus elegans Lupinus guadalupensis Lupinus acopalcus Lupinus alibicolor Lupinus amboensis Lupinus huariacus Lupinus magnistipulatus Lupinus mantaroensis Lupinus semperflorens Lupinus ariste-josephii Lupinus kuschei Lupinus aschenbornii Lupinus sericatus Lupinus pratensis Lupinus concinnus Lupinus cervinus Lupinus padre-crowleyi Lupinus agardhianus Lupinus glabratus Lupinus neomexicanus Lupinus congdonii Lupinus formosus Lupinus latifolius Lupinus eriocladus Lupinus microphyllus Lupinus lindleyanus Lupinus rubriflorus Lupinus nipomensis Lupinus mutabilis Lupinus princei Lupinus pubescens Lupinus nootkatensis Lupinus nanus Lupinus simulans Lupinus dorae Lupinus dotatus Lupinus elatus Lupinus ellsworthianus Lupinus eramosus Lupinus erectifolius Lupinus excubitus Lupinus exochus Lupinus giganteus Lupinus gracilentus Lupinus herzogii Lupinus huachucanus Lupinus lemmonii Lupinus longifolius Lupinus lyallii Lupinus macbrideianus Lupinus pearceanus Lupinus perbonus Lupinus perissophytus Lupinus suksdorfii Lupinus tacitus Lupinus tarijensis Lupinus tatei Lupinus tidestromii Lupinus obtunsus Lupinus octablomus Lupinus semiaequus Lupinus schickendantzii Lupinus schumannii Lupinus purpurascens Lupinus rivetianus Lupinus quercuum Lupinus chihuahuensis Lupinus cymba-egressus Lupinus decaschistus Lupinus atacamicus Lupinus hintonii Lupinus gussoneanus Lupinus filicaulis Lupinus huigrensis Lupinus humifusus Lupinus idoneus Lupinus ermineus Lupinus mariae-josephiae Lupinus caespitosus Lupinus camiloanus Lupinus carazensis Lupinus carchiensis Lupinus cardenasianus Lupinus carpapaticus Lupinus caucensis Lupinus cavicaulis Lupinus celsimontanus Lupinus chipaquensis Lupinus chlorolepis Lupinus chocontensis Lupinus chrysanthus Lupinus cookianus Lupinus crassus Lupinus crucis-viridis Lupinus cuspidatus Lupinus cuzcensis Lupinus cymboides Lupinus dusenianus Lupinus expetendus Lupinus falsorevolutus Lupinus famelicus Lupinus fiebrigianus Lupinus francis-whittieri Lupinus fratrum Lupinus guaraniticus Lupinus hamaticalyx Lupinus hartmannii Lupinus hazenanus Lupinus herreranus Lupinus hillii Lupinus hinkleyorum Lupinus horizontalis Lupinus imminutus Lupinus jean-julesii Lupinus jonesii Lupinus juninensis Lupinus mandonanus Lupinus mollis Lupinus nepubescens Lupinus notabilis Lupinus nubilorum Lupinus oreganus Lupinus oscar-haughtii Lupinus otto-buchtienii Lupinus otto-kuntzeanus Lupinus pachanoanus Lupinus pachylobus Lupinus parviflorus Lupinus perblandus Lupinus persistens Lupinus plattensis Lupinus protrusus Lupinus prouvensalanus Lupinus pulloviridus Lupinus puracensis Lupinus saxosus Lupinus sellowianus Lupinus semiprostratus Lupinus shockleyi Lupinus sierrae-blancae Lupinus simonsianus Lupinus soratensis Lupinus subhamatus Lupinus tolimensis Lupinus triananus Lupinus urubambensis Lupinus viduus Lupinus visoensis Lupinus weberbaueri Lupinus werdermannianus Lupinus wilkesianus Lupinus williamsianus Lupinus ynesiae Lupinus holwayorum Lupinus alimanens Lupinus sericeolodix Lupinus arenarius Lupinus arizonicus Lupinus barbiger Lupinus bracteolaris Lupinus brevicaulis Lupinus breweri Lupinus caudatus Lupinus kingii Lupinus laevigatus Lupinus lanatus Lupinus leptocarpus Lupinus leptophyllus Lupinus linearis Lupinus littoralis Lupinus ludovicianus Lupinus paniculatus Lupinus parvifolius Lupinus rivularis Lupinus subsessilis Lupinus uncinatus Lupinus velutinus Lupinus villosus Lupinus wyethii Lupinus matucanicus Lupinus gormanii Lupinus grayi Lupinus muelleri Lupinus ochoanus Lupinus otuzcoensis Lupinus piurensis Lupinus praestabilis Lupinus gibertianus Lupinus paraguariensis Lupinus multiflorus Lupinus russellianus Lupinus macounii Lupinus variicolor Lupinus mucronulatus Lupinus digitatus Lupinus somalensis Lupinus goodspeedii Lupinus popayanensis Lupinus caballoanus Lupinus summersianus Lupinus varneranus Lupinus rhodanthus Lupinus chiapensis Lupinus bartolomei Lupinus dissimulans Lupinus durangensis Lupinus aureus Lupinus aralloius Lupinus longilabrum Lupinus lesueurii Lupinus kellerrnanianus Lupinus mearnsii Lupinus marschallianus Lupinus gredensis Lupinus jamesonianus Lupinus alaimandus Lupinus westiana Lupinus chavanillensis Lupinus covillei Lupinus allargyreius Lupinus ammophilus Lupinus adsurgens Lupinus amphibius Lupinus ananeanus Lupinus antoninus Lupinus appositus Lupinus archeranus Lupinus arequipensis Lupinus argurocalyx Lupinus aridulus Lupinus asplundianus Lupinus atropurpureus Lupinus prunophilus Lupinus ruber Lupinus seifrizianus Lupinus odoratus Lupinus malacotrichus Lupinus martensis Lupinus mathewsianus Lupinus melaphyllus Lupinus metensis Lupinus leucophyllus Lupinus meionanthus Lupinus ornatus Lupinus mirabilis Lupinus arvensis Lupinus citrinus Lupinus stipulatus Lupinus hortorum Lupinus huaronensis Lupinus hyacinthinus Lupinus inyoensis Lupinus fieldii Lupinus fissicalyx Lupinus flavoculatus Lupinus gachetensis Lupinus gaudichaudianus Lupinus adinoanthus Lupinus antensis Lupinus arbutosocius Lupinus arizelus Lupinus arvensi-plasketti Lupinus bi-inclinatus Lupinus blaisdellii Lupinus bombycinocarpus Lupinus brevecuneus Lupinus brevior Lupinus cachupatensis Lupinus caespitosus Lupinus ccorilazensis Lupinus cesaranus Lupinus cesar-vargasii Lupinus chongos-bajous Lupinus christinae Lupinus chumbivilcensis Lupinus cochapatensis Lupinus convencionensis Lupinus cotopaxiensis Lupinus decemplex Lupinus deflexus Lupinus delicatulus Lupinus diasemus Lupinus diehlii Lupinus edysomatus Lupinus egens Lupinus elegantulus Lupinus eremonomus Lupinus espinarensis Lupinus extrarius Lupinus gentryanus Lupinus grauensis Lupinus insulae Lupinus haughtianus Lupinus hyacinthinus Lupinus intortus Lupinus inusitatus Lupinus involutus Lupinus retrorsus Lupinus maleopinatus Lupinus meridanus Lupinus nubigenus Lupinus pisacensis Lupinus platamodes Lupinus platyptenus Lupinus puyupatensis Lupinus quellomayus Lupinus quitensis Lupinus roseorum Lupinus sandiensis Lupinus sinaloensis Lupinus solanagrorum Lupinus soukupianus Lupinus storkianus Lupinus subtomentosus Lupinus suksdorfii Lupinus tafiensis Lupinus talahuensis Lupinus tucumanensis Lupinus ultramontanus Lupinus urcoensis Lupinus vargasianus Lupinus velillensis Lupinus vilcabambensis Lupinus volubilis Lupinus williamlobbii Lupinus xanthophyllus Lupinus yanahuancensis Lupinus albicaulis Lupinus chamissonis Lupinus clarkii Lupinus foliolosus Lupinus holosericeus Lupinus aridorum Lupinus somaliensis Lupinus physodes Lupinus magnistipulatus Lupinus elaphoglossum Lupinus ehrenbergii Lupinus pilosus Lupinus alcis-montis Lupinus alinanus Lupinus alivillosus Lupinus alpicola Lupinus ampaiensis Lupinus andinus Lupinus asa-grayanus Lupinus asymbepus Lupinus austrorientalis Lupinus calcensis Lupinus campestris Lupinus couthouyanus Lupinus falsoprostratus Lupinus fieldii Lupinus fragrans Lupinus hieronymii Lupinus honoratus Lupinus hortonianus Lupinus howard-scottii Lupinus huancayoensis Lupinus james-westii Lupinus jujuyensis Lupinus kunthii Lupinus lacus Lupinus macranthus Lupinus nehmadae Lupinus neocotus Lupinus nonoensis Lupinus opertospicus Lupinus paruroensis Lupinus pasachoensis Lupinus patulus Lupinus paucovillosus Lupinus pendentiflorus Lupinus penlandianus Lupinus philippianus Lupinus potosinus Lupinus pseudotsugoides Lupinus pucapucensis Lupinus pureriae Lupinus rowleeanus Lupinus taurimortuus Lupinus tetracercophorus Lupinus moritzianus Lupinus pilosissimus Lupinus hintoniorum Lupinus reitzii Lupinus pseudopolyphyllus Lupinus oscarii Lupinus jaimehintoniana Lupinus holosericeus Lupinus luisanae Lupinus carhuamayus Lupinus bogotensis Lupinus yaulyensis Lupinus mexicanus Lupinus cuatrecasasii Lupinus atlanticus Lupinus neglectus Lupinus mexiae Lupinus xenophytus Lupinus cacuminis Lupinus chachas Lupinus pachitensis Lupinus paucartambensis Lupinus proculaustrinus Lupinus tassilicus Lupinus regalis Lupinus sabinii Lupinus burkartianus Lupinus umidicola Lupinus austrohumifusus Lupinus bartlettianus Lupinus ignobilis Lupinus martinetianus Lupinus michelianus Lupinus jahnii Lupinus andicola Lupinus hispanicus Lupinus eriocalyx Lupinus chrysocalyx Lupinus compactiflorus Lupinus conicus Lupinus jelskianus Lupinus obscurus Lupinus oquendoanus Lupinus oreophilus Lupinus montanus Lupinus ovalifolius Lupinus prostratus Lupinus ramosissimus Lupinus sarmentosus Lupinus smithianus Lupinus pulvinaris Lupinus austrobicolor Lupinus austrosericeus Lupinus barbatilabius Lupinus carlos-ochoae Lupinus colcabambensis Lupinus eanophyllus Lupinus falsomutabilis Lupinus hautcarazensis Lupinus heptaphyllus Lupinus surcoensis Lupinus tayacajensis Lupinus yarushensis Lupinus howardii Lupinus verbasciformis Lupinus palaestinus Lupinus venezuelensis Lupinus condensiflorus Lupinus evermannii Lupinus exaltatus Lupinus praetermissus Lupinus pringlei Lupinus toratensis Lupinus varicaulis Lupinus verjonensis Lupinus vernicius Lupinus tarmaensis Lupinus alveorum Lupinus shrevei Lupinus amandus Lupinus amnis-otuni Lupinus regnellianus Lupinus magniflorus Lupinus alaristatus Lupinus altiplani Lupinus amabayensis Lupinus ballianus Lupinus breviscapus Lupinus bryoides Lupinus carrikeri Lupinus grisebachianus Lupinus kalenbornorum Lupinus killipianus Lupinus klamathensis Lupinus lagunae-negrae Lupinus lanatocarpus Lupinus peruvianus Lupinus pinguis Lupinus pipersmithianus Lupinus poopoensis Lupinus praealtus Lupinus splendens Lupinus staffordiae Lupinus subcuneatus Lupinus bonplandius Lupinus stiveri Lupinus spruceanus Lupinus canus Lupinus anatolicus Lupinus bolivianus Lupinus caldasensis Lupinus aberrans Lupinus albert-smithianus Lupinus albosericeus Lupinus aliattenuatus Lupinus alipatulus Lupinus misticola Lupinus mollendoensis Lupinus monserratensis Lupinus monticola Lupinus munzianus Lupinus andersonii Lupinus aureonitens Lupinus madrensis Lupinus niveus Lupinus pickeringii Lupinus subacaulis Lupinus tauris Lupinus tomentosus Lupinus tominensis Lupinus aliamandus Lupinus gayanus Lupinus guascensis Lupinus guggenheimianus Lupinus rupestris Lupinus altimontanus Lupinus cosentinii Lupinus perennis Lupinus bicolor Lupinus colombiensis Lupinus texensis Lupinus arboreus Lupinus albifrons Lupinus pilosus Lupinus hirsutissimus Lupinus stiversii Lupinus albus Lupinus argenteus Lupinus polyphyllus Lupinus luteus Lupinus angustifolius