Parkia R.Br.

Parkia (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae

Characteristics

Unarmed trees to 50 m high. Leaves bipinnate, alternate or opposite, petiole and rachis usually with extrafloral nectaries, often shortly pubescent; leaflets sessile, opposite. Twigs, inflorescence axes and peduncles often bearing prominent lenticels. Inflorescence compound, consisting of a stout twig to 0.5 m long, sparsely branched or unbranched, bearing 2-10 or more flexible peduncles, each to 50 or more cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter, pendent, ending in a swollen, elliptical or clavate axis bearing numerous flowers. Capitula pyriform to clavate and velutinous in bud; either clavate or biglobose at anthesis, to 7 cm long, pendent. Flowers (in the Malesian species) of 3 kinds; the fertile ones at apex of capitulum; the modified, structurally male and nectar-secreting ones in a constricted ring below; and neuter ones, sometimes bearing elongated staminodia which form a fringe, at base. Fertile flowers pentamerous, functionally bisexual or male, and then the gynoecium reduced or absent. Bracts obdeltate-spathulate, slightly longer than calyx. Calyx long-tubular or infundibuliform, gamosepalous, the 5 lobes imbricate, 2 larger and 3 smaller. Corolla longer than calyx, the 5 lobes narrowly spathulate or Ungulate, free at apex and either connate in the middle and free towards base, or free in the middle and connate towards base. Stamens 10, all fertile, shortly exserted; filaments connate below into a tube, to which the corolla may also be adnate. Ovary shortly stipitate; style exserted as far as anthers or beyond; stigma terminal, poriform. Infructescence pendent; receptacle swollen, claviform, bearing one to several pods and numerous rhomboidal scars where flowers have fallen. Pods stipitate, coriaceous or ligneous, indehiscent or rarely dehiscent, sometimes velutinous, linear, strap-shaped or oblong in outline, sometimes corrugated over the seeds, sometimes twisted. Seeds up to 38 per pod, in one row, ellipsoid; testa either hard or soft and thick, bearing a pleurogram.
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Trees, without spines or prickles. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets ± numerous; petiole usually glandular on its upper side. Inflorescences capitate, shortly claviform (with a globose apical part abruptly narrowed into a ± short cylindrical neck) or (but not in the African species) globose or constricted in the middle; heads stalked, solitary or paniculate. Flowers in upper part of heads hermaphrodite, in lower part ♂ or neuter. Calyx infundibuliform or long-tubular, gamosepalous, with 4–5 imbricate segments, 2 larger and 2–3 smaller, the mouth of the calyx being thus irregular. Corolla with 5 petals, which are free, or ± united, not much exceeding the calyx. Stamens 10, all fertile, their filaments connate below into a tube, to which the petals may be also adnate; anthers eglandular. Ovary usually stipitate. Pods oblong to linear, straight or curved, dehiscent or not, usually ± thick and often woody, or somewhat fleshy when living. Seeds ellipsoid to ellipsoid-oblong, ± compressed or flattened.
Trees, unarmed. Leaves bipinnate, with numerous pinnae and leaflets. Inflorescences solitary and axillary, or several at apices of branches, large and clavate or depressed globose, pedunculate. Flowers very numerous. Fertile flowers (bisexual) at upper part of heads, yellow to red, lower sterile ones (male or neuter) white or red. Calyx cylindric; teeth 5, very short and imbricate. Petals 5, linear-spatulate, free or connate to middle. Stamens 10, free or connate at base and adnate to corolla; anthers oblong, usually tipped by a gland. Ovary sessile or stipitate; ovules numerous; style filiform; stigma terminal. Petals of lower sterile flowers often free. Staminodes 10, in a long bundle, free distally, filiform. Legume straight or curved, oblong or elongate, compressed, rather woody or fleshy, 2-valved. Seeds transverse, ovoid, thick or compressed; pleurogram if present ± elliptic.
Inflorescence capitate, shortly claviform (with a globose apical part abruptly narrowed into a ± short cylindric neck) or (but not in the African species) globose or constricted in the middle; heads stalked, solitary or paniculate.
Calyx infundibuliform or long-tubular, gamosepalous, with 4-5 imbricate segments, 2 larger and 2-3 smaller, the mouth of the calyx being thus irregular.
Pods oblong to linear, straight or curved, dehiscent or not, usually ± thick and often woody, or somewhat fleshy when living.
Stamens 10, all fertile, their filaments connate below into a tube, to which the petals may be adnate; anthers eglandular.
Leaves 2-pinnate; leaflets ± numerous; petiole usually glandular on its upper side.
Corolla with 5 petals, which are free or ± united, not much exceeding the calyx.
Flowers in upper part of heads hermaphrodite, in lower part male or neuter.
Seeds ellipsoid to ellipsoid-oblong, ± compressed or flattened.
Trees without spines or prickles.
Root-nodules not yet recorded.
Ovary usually stipitate.
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Growth form tree
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 50.0
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses The wood of Parkia species is generally not durable and not highly valued [Burkill Diet. ed. 2 1966 1697 ]. For uses as food and medicine, see under the species.
Uses medicinal wood
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Cultivation

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