Lippia L.

Lippia (en), Verveine (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Verbenaceae

Characteristics

Erect bushes, shrubs, undershrubs, or subshrubs, rarely trees, glabrous or variously pubescent with simple trichomes, often hirsute or tomentose, sometimes functionally dioecious, in some grassland regions with herbaceous branches issuing from a basal or subterranean woody xylopodium. Leaves decussate-opposite or ternate, rarely alternate or in 4's, simple, deciduous, entire to variously toothed or lobed, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, flat or rugose above, thin-membranous to heavy-coriaceous, mostly penninerved. Inflorescences indeterminate, centripetal, spicate or capitate, solitary or fascicled in the leaf-axils or aggregate in axillary or terminal corymbs or panicles, the spikes mostly contracted into heads or cylin-dric, not usually conspicuously elongating in fruit, densely-flowered, bractlets conspicuous, not caducous, decussate or many-ranked, often folded, sometimes concave or flat, imbricate, sometimes forming an involucre, mostly large and ovate or lanceolate, often decreasing in size toward the apex of the spike, often accrescent after anthesis. Flowers small, sessile, borne singly in the axils of the bracts or bractlets, often more or less 4-ranked, often dimorphic, in some species staminate plants have flowers with well-developed anthers and aborted or non-functional ovary, while carpellate plants have flowers with no stamens or only occasionally 1 or 2 aborted stamens; calyx small, membranous, ovoid-campanulate or compressed and often 2-carinate or-alate, sometimes 2-lipped, the rim 2-or 4-fid or 4-dentate; corolla white or variously colored, hypocrateriform or infun-dibular, irregular, the tube cylindric, straight or incurved, slender, slightly ex-serted from the calyx or rarely elongate, equal in diameter throughout or ampliate above, the limb oblique, usually spreading, somewhat 2-lipped, 4-parted, the lobes broad, often retuse apically, the posterior lobe entire, emarginate, or even bifid to about the middle, the lateral lobes exterior, the anterior lobe often larger; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted at about the middle of the corolla-tube; included or slightly exserted, sometimes only 1 or 2 present or completely absent on car-pellate plants, the anthers ovate, unappendaged, the thecae parallel, often aborted or absent on pistillate plants; gynoecium often aborted or non-functional on staminate plants, gynoecium syncarpous, the ovary globose, 2-loculed, the ovules 1 per locule, basal and erect or affixed laterally near the base; the style single, often short, the stigma single, incrassate or capitate, oblique or recurved. Fruits small, dry, ovoid, included by the fruiting-calyx and sometimes adnate to it, dividing into 2 pyrenes or nutlets at maturity, the pericarp papery and hard, the exocarp membranous and rarely distinct from the pyrenes; seeds without endo-sperm.
More
Erect shrubs, subshrubs or perennial herbs, mostly pyrophytes from large woody rootstocks, pubescent or hairy; dioecious in species 11. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3–4, rarely alternate, entire or variously crenate, toothed or lobed, often scabrid above and rugose. Flowers small, sessile in mostly pedunculate dense heads or spikes which sometimes elongate in fruit, 1–several heads per axil and sometimes forming terminal panicles but often in numerous lower axils; each flower supported by a bract; eventual bare rhachis with floral scars very closely placed. Calyx campanulate or compressed and laterally 2-keeled or 2-winged, undulate, truncate, 2–4-fid or 4-toothed. Corolla white, greenish or creamy yellow, often darker at the throat, more rarely magenta; tube cylindric or funnel-shaped, straight or curved; limb ± 2-lipped, oblique, the anterior lip larger than the posterior. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in the corolla-tube, included or slightly exserted. Ovary 2-locular, each locule with 1 ovule; style usually short with oblique or recurved stigma. Fruit dry, surrounded by the adpressed calyx, separating into 2 pyrenes at maturity; pericarp papery or hard. Seeds without endosperm.
Shrubs or undershrubs, herbs (not in Australia). Leaves simple, decussately opposite or ternate, rarely alternate or in 4s, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile. Inflorescence spicate, capitate, solitary or fascicled in leaf axils, or aggregate in terminal corymbs or panicles; spikes pedunculate, cylindric or globose. Flowers sessile, bracteate, often ±4-ranked. Calyx ovoid to campanulate or compressed and 2-keeled or 2-winged; rim 2-or 4-fid or 4-dentate. Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibular, 4-lobed, zygomorphic; tube cylindric; lobes oblique, spreading, somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens 4, epipetalous, didynamous; anthers nonappendaged. Ovary 2-locular, each locule with 1 ovule; style short with oblique stigma. Fruit dry, dividing into 2 mericarps at maturity or 1 by abortion. Seeds without endosperm.
Corolla white, greenish or creamy-yellow, often darker at the throat, rarely magenta; corolla tube cylindric or funnel-shaped, straight or incurved; corolla limb weakly 2-lipped, oblique, with the anterior lip larger than the posterior one.
Inflorescences spicate; spikes densely flowered, usually short and head-like in flower, often somewhat elongate and cylindric in fruit, 1–several per axil and sometimes forming terminal corymbs or panicles.
Erect shrubs, undershrubs or perennial herbs, mostly pyrophytes from large woody rootstocks, often aromatic, pubescent, hairy or setose.
Calyx campanulate or compressed and laterally 2-keeled or 2-winged, undulate, truncate, 2–4-fid or 4-dentate at the apex.
Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in the corolla tube, included or slightly exserted; anthers ovate, with parallel thecae.
Fruit a dry schizocarp surrounded by the appressed calyx; mericarps 2, separating at maturity; pericarp papery or hard.
Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, rarely alternate, entire, crenate, serrate, dentate or lobed.
Ovary 2-locular, each locule l-ovulate; style usually short, with an oblique or recurved stigma.
Flowers small, sessile, solitary in the axils of bracts, usually 4-ranked.
Seeds without endosperm.
Life form perennial
Growth form
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Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 6-12

Usage

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Edible -
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Cultivation

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Images

Lippia unspecified picture
Lippia unspecified picture

Distribution

Lippia world distribution map, present in Australia, Panama, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330566-2
WFO ID wfo-4000021924
COL ID 99F9Y
BDTFX ID 99640
INPN ID 446079
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Zappania Lippia

Lower taxons

Lippia aberrans Lippia abyssinica Lippia acutidens Lippia alnifolia Lippia angustifolia Lippia appendiculata Lippia arechavaletae Lippia bellatula Lippia carviodora Lippia coriacea Lippia formosa Lippia gardneriana Lippia gehrtii Lippia glazioviana Lippia gossweileri Lippia hatschbachii Lippia hermannioides Lippia hirsuta Lippia hirta Lippia inopinata Lippia insignis Lippia integrifolia Lippia lippioides Lippia lojensis Lippia lorentzii Lippia macrophylla Lippia mexicana Lippia micromera Lippia morii Lippia multiflora Lippia origanoides Lippia oxycnemis Lippia oxyphyllaria Lippia pearsonii Lippia pedunculosa Lippia possensis Lippia primulina Lippia pumila Lippia renifolia Lippia reticulata Lippia rosmarinifolia Lippia sclerophylla Lippia sericea Lippia subracemosa Lippia suffruticosa Lippia tegulifera Lippia tepicana Lippia thymoides Lippia triplinervis Lippia trollii Lippia turbinata Lippia umbellata Lippia yucatana Lippia plicata Lippia felippei Lippia petiolata Lippia rivalis Lippia ekmanii Lippia recolletae Lippia lasiocalycina Lippia bicolor Lippia acuminata Lippia balansae Lippia gentryi Lippia hassleriana Lippia hederifolia Lippia hieraciifolia Lippia hispida Lippia hoehnei Lippia lindmanii Lippia linearifolia Lippia melastomifolia Lippia americana Lippia mcvaughii Lippia myriocephala Lippia aristata Lippia asperrima Lippia baumii Lippia bracteosa Lippia bradeana Lippia bradei Lippia bromleyana Lippia burtonii Lippia callicarpifolia Lippia campestris Lippia cardiostegia Lippia chiapasensis Lippia chrysantha Lippia coarctata Lippia corymbosa Lippia culmenicola Lippia duartei Lippia elliptica Lippia eupatorium Lippia florida Lippia fragrans Lippia gracilis Lippia grandiflora Lippia grata Lippia herbacea Lippia jangadensis Lippia lacunosa Lippia lanata Lippia longipedunculata Lippia lupulina Lippia pseudothea Lippia rehmannii Lippia rhodocnemis Lippia riedeliana Lippia rotundifolia Lippia salicifolia Lippia scaberrima Lippia schlimii Lippia somalensis Lippia stoechadifolia Lippia vernonioides Lippia villafloridana Lippia vinosa Lippia woodii Lippia brasiliensis Lippia magentea Lippia maximiliani Lippia paranensis Lippia procurrens Lippia pubescens Lippia pusilla Lippia rubella Lippia oaxacana Lippia spiraeastrum Lippia lopezii Lippia antaica Lippia brachypoda Lippia callensi Lippia lamiana Lippia domingensis Lippia filifolia Lippia flavida Lippia lasiocalyx Lippia macedoi Lippia pedunculata Lippia praecox Lippia radula Lippia sandwithiana Lippia stachyoides Lippia hirta Lippia vilafloridanaridana Lippia acutidens Lippia herbacea Lippia schaueriana Lippia mexicana Lippia longispicata Lippia horridula Lippia minima Lippia ciliata Lippia tayacajana Lippia ferruginea Lippia oatesii Lippia salsa Lippia junelliana Lippia dauensis Lippia durangensis Lippia fastigiata Lippia fissicalyx Lippia harleyi Lippia marrubiifolia Lippia martiana Lippia phryxocalyx Lippia rosella Lippia rugosa Lippia rzedowskii Lippia savoryi Lippia saturejifolia Lippia schaueriana Lippia tristis Lippia turnerifolia Lippia trachyphylla Lippia chevalierii Lippia kituiensis Lippia javanica Lippia alba