Ornithogalum L.

Star-of-bethlehem (en), Ornithogale (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asparagaceae

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, scapose, poisonous, from ovoid, tunicate bulbs; bulb tunics white to pale brown, papery. Leaves few to several, basal; blade linear to lanceolate, margins smooth or hairy. Inflorescences racemose or corymbose, 2–many-flowered, bracteate; bracts white, membranous. Flowers: tepals 6, widely spreading, distinct, equal to slightly unequal; stamens 6, distinct, dimorphic; filaments simple or 3-dentate, flattened; anthers dorsifixed, introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, cylindric to globose, 6-angled, septal nectaries present; style 1; stigma margins entire or indistinctly 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, angled, papery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds numerous, globose to ovoid. x = 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11.
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Plants slender to robust, all parts glabrous, flowering with the leaves. Leaves lanceolate to filiform, erect. Scapes 1-3 per plant. Inflorescence a raceme with 2-300 flowers; pedicels erect or spreading at anthesis, erect in fruit; bracts lanceolate to ovate-acuminate, with filiform apex, never spurred. Perianth-segments free, spreading, white or white with a dorsal green band, apex cucullate with glands. Filaments free, white and flattened. Ovary sessile or with a short carpophore, 3-locular, with many ovules per locule; style slender and as long as the ovary. Capsules subglobose. Seeds black, irregularly flattened, outline sub-to semicircular.
Herbs with tunicated bulbs. Roots fibrous. Leaves basal, usually linear, annual. Inflorescence an erect, corymbose or elongate raceme, bracteate. Flowers bisexual, regular, pedicellate. Perianth segments 6, usually free, subequal, spreading, with or without a keel. Stamens 6; filaments simple or with basal appendages; anthers versatile, dorsifixed, dehiscing by slits, introrse. Ovary superior, trilocular; ovules 2 to many per locule; placentation axile; style absent to elongate; stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds numerous, globose, ovoid, angled or flattened, black.
Bulbous, clump-forming perennials. Bulb tunicate, ± globose. Leaves all basal, usually linear, glabrous or hairy. Flowers in erect terminal corymbose racemes; segments free or ± connate at base, spreading, usually white with green median stripe externally; lower pedicels elongating; bract single, scarious. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds many, subglobose, black. Spp. c. 150, of Europe, W. Asia, tropical and S. Africa, and S. America (Chile). Adventive sp. 1.
Fls perfect; tep 6, distinct; stamens 6, free from the perianth; filaments broad and flat, at least at base, the anthers oblong, versatile; ovary superior; style and stigma trigonous; capsule loculicidal, obtusely trigonous, with ± numerous seeds in each locule; perennial herbs from a poisonous, coated bulb, with linear basal lvs, an erect or ascending scape, and a bracteate raceme of white fls. 150, temp. Old World.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 23 - 100
Germination temperacture (C°) 17 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ornithogalum unspecified picture
Ornithogalum unspecified picture

Distribution

Ornithogalum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Madagascar, Malaysia, Namibia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Palau, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Sweden, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000299-2
WFO ID wfo-4000027188
COL ID 8VZY8
BDTFX ID 86904
INPN ID 195535
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ornithogalum Galtonia Raphelingia Tritriela Loncomelos

Lower taxons

Ornithogalum exscapum Ornithogalum constrictum Ornithogalum hispidum Ornithogalum gussonei Ornithogalum iraqense Ornithogalum kurdicum Ornithogalum bungei Ornithogalum juncifolium Ornithogalum concinnum Ornithogalum collinum Ornithogalum geniculatum Ornithogalum longicollum Ornithogalum namaquanulum Ornithogalum aetfatense Ornithogalum mater-familias Ornithogalum rotatum Ornithogalum bourgaeanum Ornithogalum convallarioides Ornithogalum gabrielianiae Ornithogalum deltoideum Ornithogalum arcuatum Ornithogalum anguinum Ornithogalum amphibolum Ornithogalum bicornutum Ornithogalum prasinantherum Ornithogalum mysum Ornithogalum sephtonii Ornithogalum perdurans Ornithogalum rupestre Ornithogalum reverchonii Ornithogalum saundersiae Ornithogalum joschtiae Ornithogalum refractum Ornithogalum puberulum Ornithogalum pruinosum Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum Ornithogalum zebrinellum Ornithogalum navaschinii Ornithogalum vasakii Ornithogalum sardienii Ornithogalum pumilum Ornithogalum graecum Ornithogalum anatolicum Ornithogalum anamurense Ornithogalum munzurense Ornithogalum spetae Ornithogalum pedicellare Ornithogalum lychnite Ornithogalum regale Ornithogalum candicans Ornithogalum filicaule Ornithogalum diphyllum Ornithogalum amblyocarpum Ornithogalum mekselinae Ornithogalum esterhuyseniae Ornithogalum fimbrimarginatum Ornithogalum subcoriaceum Ornithogalum hyrcanum Ornithogalum inclusum Ornithogalum hallii Ornithogalum alatum Ornithogalum gregorianum Ornithogalum dolichopharynx Ornithogalum campanulatum Ornithogalum verae Ornithogalum leeupoortense Ornithogalum hispidulum Ornithogalum synadelphicum Ornithogalum ciliiferum Ornithogalum flexuosum Ornithogalum dregeanum Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum Ornithogalum britteniae Ornithogalum armeniacum Ornithogalum baurii Ornithogalum woronowii Ornithogalum tropicale Ornithogalum ocellatum Ornithogalum kuereanum Ornithogalum persicum Ornithogalum macrum Ornithogalum polyphyllum Ornithogalum pilosum Ornithogalum rogersii Ornithogalum pullatum Ornithogalum thermophilum Ornithogalum thyrsoides Ornithogalum trichophyllum Ornithogalum sphaerolobum Ornithogalum naviculum Ornithogalum niveum Ornithogalum luschani Ornithogalum monophyllum Ornithogalum multifolium Ornithogalum apiculatum Ornithogalum immaculatum Ornithogalum oreoides Ornithogalum paludosum Ornithogalum improbum Ornithogalum princeps Ornithogalum viridiflorum Ornithogalum lithopsoides Ornithogalum nurdaniae Ornithogalum sanandajense Ornithogalum nallihanense Ornithogalum sandrasicum Ornithogalum ostrovicense Ornithogalum sumbulianum Ornithogalum neopatersonia Ornithogalum corticatum Ornithogalum ponticum Ornithogalum arcuatum Ornithogalum chetikianum Ornithogalum abyssinicum Ornithogalum falcatum Ornithogalum anguinum Ornithogalum britteniae Ornithogalum capillare Ornithogalum naviculum Ornithogalum niveum Ornithogalum montanum Ornithogalum khuzestanicum Ornithogalum amplificatum Ornithogalum erichpaschei Ornithogalum comosum Ornithogalum tanquanum Ornithogalum rausii Ornithogalum craibii Ornithogalum richtersveldensis Ornithogalum rosulatum Ornithogalum pendens Ornithogalum tardum Ornithogalum naxense Ornithogalum malatyanum Ornithogalum ulixis Ornithogalum exaratum Ornithogalum fischerianum Ornithogalum x gugliae Ornithogalum degenianum Ornithogalum wildtii Ornithogalum wiedemannii Ornithogalum pycnanthum Ornithogalum isauricum Ornithogalum sigmoideum Ornithogalum oligophyllum Ornithogalum libanoticum Ornithogalum dubium Ornithogalum sessiliflorum Ornithogalum graminifolium Ornithogalum euxinum Ornithogalum maculatum Ornithogalum conicum Ornithogalum thunbergii Ornithogalum nanodes Ornithogalum lanceolatum Ornithogalum gorenflotii Ornithogalum cuspidatum Ornithogalum balansae Ornithogalum sintenisii Ornithogalum graciliflorum Ornithogalum chionophilum Ornithogalum hajastanum Ornithogalum neurostegium Ornithogalum fimbriatum Ornithogalum umbratile Ornithogalum haalenbergense Ornithogalum xanthochlorum Ornithogalum decus-montium Ornithogalum demirizianum Ornithogalum capillaris Ornithogalum gracillimum Ornithogalum fissurisedulum Ornithogalum adseptentrionesvergentulum Ornithogalum annae-ameliae Ornithogalum gambosanum Ornithogalum cernuum Ornithogalum alpigenum Ornithogalum uluense Ornithogalum fuscescens Ornithogalum creticum Ornithogalum visianicum Ornithogalum magnum Ornithogalum sorgerae Ornithogalum boucheanum Ornithogalum imereticum Ornithogalum arianum Ornithogalum benguellense Ornithogalum pascheanum Ornithogalum transcaucasicum Ornithogalum nivale Ornithogalum pamphylicum Ornithogalum samariae Ornithogalum iranicum Ornithogalum atticum Ornithogalum corsicum Ornithogalum baeticum Ornithogalum pyrenaicum Ornithogalum arabicum Ornithogalum pyramidale Ornithogalum orthophyllum Ornithogalum nutans Ornithogalum narbonense Ornithogalum broteroi Ornithogalum divergens Ornithogalum umbellatum