Hymenophyllum Sm.

Filmy fern (en), Hyménophylle (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Zingiberales > Zingiberaceae > Hymenophylloideae

Characteristics

Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, filiform or rarely short and erect (not in Australia), ± glabrous or bearing sparse or rarely dense (not in Australia) light-coloured or red-brown multicellular hairs, more densely clustered at stipe junctions; roots few and fine. Stipe distinct, terete, winged or not. Lamina simple, forked, digitate or dichotomously divided or pinnate to 5-pinnatifid, unistratose (except for the veins) or rarely 2–4 cells thick, glabrous or hairy; hairs simple, forked or stellate; blade sometimes absent; margin entire or toothed, sometimes with differentiated black cells forming a distinct border; rachis like the upper part of the stipe, glabrous or hairy; ultimate segments 1-veined; veins free or rarely somewhat anastomosing (not in Australia), anadromous. Sori solitary and terminal on the apices of the ultimate segments; involucre usually bilabiate, cleft nearly to base, more or less free or scarcely immersed in lamina, or apex bilabiate and base funnel-shaped and immersed in the lamina or rarely involucre cuneate, obconic or urceolate and immersed; receptacle capitate, clavate or filiform, usually included, rarely exserted. Spores trilete, spheroidal, papillate to echinate.
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Plants epiphytic or on rock. Stems long-creeping, intertwining, threadlike; hairs brown, sparse. Roots few, delicate. Leaves 1--3-pinnatifid, 2--6 × 0.5--1.5 cm. Petiole short, threadlike, not winged. Blade with inconspicuous glandular hairs or prominent stellate hairs; margins entire to distantly dentate. Soral involucres 2-valved, the halves roundish to ovate. Sporangial receptacle a low mound of tissue included within involucre. Gametophytes persistent, ribbonlike, much branched. Gametophyte gemmae platelike or absent.
Plants small, epiphytic or petrophilous. Rhizome long creeping, or short and erect, slender, filiform. Fronds small to medium-sized. Lamina pinnately decompound, semitransparent, entire or toothed at margin; rachis and/or lamina covered with reddish brown long hairs to glabrescent or glabrous. Involucres bivalvate, deeply cleft nearly halfway to base, or tubular with bivalvate mouth, entire or serrate at apex; receptacles included or projecting. 2n = 22, 26, 36, 42, 44.
Lips of indusium always well developed, broader and longer than the hollow basal part; receptacle usually much shorter than the lips of the indusium
Indusium deeply to shallowly 2-valved; receptacle not or hardly exserted. Genus subcosmopolitan, with about 300 spp.
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Growth form herb
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Root system creeping-root rhizome
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Environment

Sites of high humidity in wet sclerophyll forests or rainforests and most diverse in tropical mountain cloud forests.
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Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Hymenophyllum unspecified picture
Hymenophyllum unspecified picture

Distribution

Hymenophyllum world distribution map, present in Australia, China, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20005830-1
WFO ID wfo-4000018687
COL ID 5288
BDTFX ID 86589
INPN ID 193482
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Meringium Buesia Hemicyatheon Trichomanes fuscoglaucescens Ptychophyllum Serpyllopsis Diploöphyllum v.d.Bosch Pachyloma Tetralasma Cardiomanes Hymenophyllum Mecodium Rosenstockia Sphaerocionium Ptychomanes Crepidomanes acutum Hymenoglossum Apteropteris Pleuromanes acutum Craspedophyllum Dermatophlebium Leptocionium Myriodon Pseudomecodium Myrmecostylum Amphipterum

Lower taxons

Hymenophyllum bicolanum Hymenophyllum brachyglossum Hymenophyllum braithwaitei Hymenophyllum brasilianum Hymenophyllum brassii Hymenophyllum breve Hymenophyllum brevidens Hymenophyllum cernuum Hymenophyllum cincinnatum Hymenophyllum involucratum Hymenophyllum junghuhnii Hymenophyllum kerianum Hymenophyllum klabatense Hymenophyllum longifolium Hymenophyllum maderense Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum Hymenophyllum nitiduloides Hymenophyllum notabile Hymenophyllum nutantifolium Hymenophyllum opacum Hymenophyllum pallidum Hymenophyllum palmatifidum Hymenophyllum paniense Hymenophyllum penangianum Hymenophyllum pilosum Hymenophyllum pleiocarpum Hymenophyllum pollenianum Hymenophyllum ramosii Hymenophyllum le var. ratii Hymenophyllum reinwardtii Hymenophyllum rosenstockii Hymenophyllum rubellum Hymenophyllum rufescens Hymenophyllum rufifrons Hymenophyllum rufum Hymenophyllum applanatum Hymenophyllum revolutum Hymenophyllum villosum Hymenophyllum scabrum Hymenophyllum pulcherrimum Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum Hymenophyllum acutum Hymenophyllum angulosum Hymenophyllum edentulum Hymenophyllum elberti Hymenophyllum ellipticosorum Hymenophyllum filmenofilicum Hymenophyllum francii Hymenophyllum frankliniae Hymenophyllum hallierii Hymenophyllum mossambicense Hymenophyllum nahuelhuapiense Hymenophyllum salakense Hymenophyllum serrulatum Hymenophyllum torricellianum Hymenophyllum treubii Hymenophyllum x tucuchense Hymenophyllum turquinense Hymenophyllum vittatum Hymenophyllum whitei Hymenophyllum delicatulum Hymenophyllum rufifolium Hymenophyllum tomaniiviense Hymenophyllum leptocarpum Hymenophyllum ledermannii Hymenophyllum capillaceum Hymenophyllum cardunculus Hymenophyllum caparaoense Hymenophyllum geluense Hymenophyllum gracilescens Hymenophyllum humboldtianum Hymenophyllum integrivalvatum Hymenophyllum johorense Hymenophyllum laminatum Hymenophyllum perparvulum Hymenophyllum macroglossum Hymenophyllum macrosorum Hymenophyllum novoguineense Hymenophyllum emarginatum Hymenophyllum firmum Hymenophyllum proctoris Hymenophyllum subobtusum Hymenophyllum diversilobum Hymenophyllum elongatum Hymenophyllum feejeense Hymenophyllum foersteri Hymenophyllum trichophorum Hymenophyllum lobato-alatum Hymenophyllum pedicularifolium Hymenophyllum pachydermicum Hymenophyllum digitatum Hymenophyllum multifidum Hymenophyllum x scopulorum Hymenophyllum heimii Hymenophyllum compactum Hymenophyllum deltoideum Hymenophyllum humbertii Hymenophyllum perrieri Hymenophyllum sibthorpioides Hymenophyllum peltatum Hymenophyllum tunbrigense Hymenophyllum crassipetiolatum Hymenophyllum asplenioides Hymenophyllum axillare Hymenophyllum crispum Hymenophyllum fucoides Hymenophyllum hirsutum Hymenophyllum lanatum Hymenophyllum lanceolatum Hymenophyllum lineare Hymenophyllum macrothecum Hymenophyllum microcarpum Hymenophyllum obtusum Hymenophyllum recurvum Hymenophyllum sieberi Hymenophyllum undulatum Hymenophyllum wrightii Hymenophyllum veronicoides Hymenophyllum capense Hymenophyllum marlothii Hymenophyllum caudiculatum Hymenophyllum nahuelhaupiense Hymenophyllum pectinatum Hymenophyllum plicatum Hymenophyllum rugosum Hymenophyllum secundum Hymenophyllum kuhnii Hymenophyllum splendidum Hymenophyllum lamellatum Hymenophyllum apiculatum Hymenophyllum myriocarpum Hymenophyllum fendlerianum Hymenophyllum elegans Hymenophyllum fragile Hymenophyllum amabile Hymenophyllum lobatoalatum Hymenophyllum pyramidatum Hymenophyllum verecundum Hymenophyllum brevistipes Hymenophyllum ectocarpon Hymenophyllum pulchellum Hymenophyllum trapezoidale Hymenophyllum brevifrons Hymenophyllum tayloriae Hymenophyllum cristatum Hymenophyllum horizontale Hymenophyllum mortonianum Hymenophyllum saenzianum Hymenophyllum farallonense Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hymenophyllum badium Hymenophyllum riukiuense Hymenophyllum denticulatum Hymenophyllum paucicarpum Hymenophyllum pantotactum Hymenophyllum gardneri Hymenophyllum triangulare Hymenophyllum angustum Hymenophyllum antillense Hymenophyllum dependens Hymenophyllum jamesonii Hymenophyllum lehmannii Hymenophyllum nanostellatum Hymenophyllum roraimense Hymenophyllum helicoideum Hymenophyllum dimidiatum Hymenophyllum mnioides Hymenophyllum tegularis Hymenophyllum brachypus Hymenophyllum contractile Hymenophyllum nanum Hymenophyllum superbum Hymenophyllum trifoliatum Hymenophyllum silvaticum Hymenophyllum levingei Hymenophyllum javanicum Hymenophyllum holochilum Hymenophyllum acanthoides Hymenophyllum demissum Hymenophyllum ulei Hymenophyllum productum Hymenophyllum alishanense Hymenophyllum blandum Hymenophyllum urbanii Hymenophyllum hirtellum Hymenophyllum sericeum Hymenophyllum inaequale Hymenophyllum viguieri Hymenophyllum poolii Hymenophyllum ivohibense Hymenophyllum umbratile Hymenophyllum mathewsii Hymenophyllum trichomanoides Hymenophyllum trichophyllum Hymenophyllum adiantoides Hymenophyllum karstenianum Hymenophyllum lindenii Hymenophyllum polyanthos Hymenophyllum subrigidum Hymenophyllum herzogii Hymenophyllum deplanchei Hymenophyllum corrugatum Hymenophyllum cruentum Hymenophyllum simonsianum Hymenophyllum kaieteurum Hymenophyllum alveolatum Hymenophyllum andinum Hymenophyllum pastoensis Hymenophyllum lyallii Hymenophyllum tenerum Hymenophyllum megistocarpum Hymenophyllum archboldii Hymenophyllum bartlettii Hymenophyllum marginatum Hymenophyllum baileyanum Hymenophyllum fuscum Hymenophyllum longissimum Hymenophyllum hemidimorphum Hymenophyllum foxworthyi Hymenophyllum hosei Hymenophyllum latifrons Hymenophyllum apteryx Hymenophyllum assurgens Hymenophyllum latisorum Hymenophyllum glaziovii Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Hymenophyllum flabellatum Hymenophyllum bivalve Hymenophyllum rolandi-principis Hymenophyllum taiwanense Hymenophyllum copelandii Hymenophyllum edanoi Hymenophyllum stenocladum Hymenophyllum cocosense Hymenophyllum capurroi Hymenophyllum tomentosum Hymenophyllum valvatum Hymenophyllum plumosum Hymenophyllum consanguineum Hymenophyllum hemipteron Hymenophyllum pumilum Hymenophyllum cordobense Hymenophyllum album Hymenophyllum pluviatile Hymenophyllum bryophilum Hymenophyllum flexuosum Hymenophyllum prionema Hymenophyllum vacillans Hymenophyllum protrusum Hymenophyllum rarum Hymenophyllum imbricatum Hymenophyllum laxum Hymenophyllum melanosorum Hymenophyllum thuidium Hymenophyllum silveirae Hymenophyllum talamancanum Hymenophyllum fumarioides Hymenophyllum hygrometricum Hymenophyllum dentatum Hymenophyllum dicranotrichum Hymenophyllum seselifolium Hymenophyllum plumieri Hymenophyllum sodiroi Hymenophyllum exsertum Hymenophyllum capillare Hymenophyllum cuneatum Hymenophyllum darwinii Hymenophyllum falklandicum Hymenophyllum fuciforme Hymenophyllum krauseanum Hymenophyllum tortuosum Hymenophyllum semiglabrum Hymenophyllum barbatum Hymenophyllum oligosorum Hymenophyllum tenellum Hymenophyllum microchilum Hymenophyllum subdemissum Hymenophyllum mirificum Hymenophyllum ferax Hymenophyllum molle Hymenophyllum ruizianum Hymenophyllum simplex Hymenophyllum interruptum Hymenophyllum multialatum Hymenophyllum abruptum Hymenophyllum maxonii Hymenophyllum batuense Hymenophyllum armstrongii Hymenophyllum deltoidenm Hymenophyllum eboracense Hymenophyllum herterianum Hymenophyllum lherminieri Hymenophyllum nitidulum Hymenophyllum ooides Hymenophyllum ovatum Hymenophyllum pilosissimum Hymenophyllum praetervisum Hymenophyllum sampaioanum Hymenophyllum taliabense Hymenophyllum quetrihuense Hymenophyllum ringens Hymenophyllum macgillivrayi Hymenophyllum todjambuense Hymenophyllum gorgoneum Hymenophyllum hieronymi Hymenophyllum balfourii Hymenophyllum bontocense Hymenophyllum tarapotense