Rinorea Aubl.

Genus

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae

Characteristics

Small shrubs to small trees; innovations mostly laxly pubescent, the hairs sometimes persistent; twigs pithy, generally angular when young, terete when older. Leaves distichous, rarely in a spiral. Petiole comparatively short, or rarely wanting, lacking distinct joints at base or top. Stipules caducous to long-persistent, sometimes quite conspicuous, often striate lengthwise. Leaf blade more or less distinctly acuminate, domatia occasionally present in the primary vein axils, the margin shallowly incised to subentire, surfaces generally dull. Inflorescences lateral, the flowers mostly in bundles, sometimes distichous along a short rachis, sometimes in a corymb or panicle on a short peduncle, rarely in a raceme or on brachyblasts; bracts smaller than the stipules; pedicels articulated. Flowers bisexual, rarely dioecious by reduction, actinomorphic, calyx quincuncial, covering the bud halfway to completely, corolla generally contorted in the same direction as the third sepal. The sepals (almost) equal, fimbriate. Petals in Malesia (sub)equal, free, sessile, thin in texture, to 9 mm long. Androecium nearly as long as the petals, filamental tube more or less fleshy and sometimes 5-lobed, the filaments inserted on its inner margin, or seldom the filaments free with only a pair of scales outside at their base; anthers converging, glabrous or hairy, the connective produced into an entire dorsal membranous appendage smaller to longer than the thecae, sometimes bearing each a ventral appendage at the top smaller than the dorsal one. Gynoecium as long as the androecium, the 3 (-4) placentas with 1-3 ovules each; style straight, with a terminal more or less distinctly 3-lobed stigma. Fruit capsular, approximately globose before dehiscence, ¾-4 cm ø, generally subtended by the dried up calyx (which rarely expands), corolla, and androecium, the valves leathery, when large two-layered with reinforced apex, mostly smooth and glabrous, rarely enveloped in a mass of appendages, or hairy. Seeds sessile, 3-6, rarely 1 or 9, ellipsoid, glabrous, with leathery testa and often clearly defined hilum and raphe.
More
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate or apparently opposite, infrequently ternate, the stipules small and deciduous, the blade entire-margined to serrate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, paniculate, or sometimes cymose, in-frequently flowers solitary. Flowers small, actinomorphic, the pedicels articulate, bracteolate; sepals free, equal or slightly unequal, ciliolate along the margins, usually persistent; petals imbricate, free, equal or almost so, sessile or very shortly unguiculate, mostly reflexed at the apex, white, yellow, or sometimes red; filaments usually bearing dorsal, erect, carnose, glandular appendages, these adnate only basally or throughout their length to the filaments and often ? united into a tube; anthers free, the connectives dilated dorsally from the base or from the apex into thin, scarious scales (connective scales) exceeding the anthers, the thecae some-times also appendaged; ovary with 3 placentae, each bearing 1-3 or more ovules; style usually erect, the stigma terminal. Capsules loculicidally and elastically 3-valvate, the seeds few, glabrous or pubescent, the endosperm copious and carnose.
Shrubs or small trees, rarely above 20 m. tall. Leaves spirally arranged, rarely opposite or verticillate, usually petiolate, entire or toothed; stipules small but enclosing the terminal bud, caducous. Inflorescence a simple raceme or a compound raceme or thyrse, rarely reduced to a solitary flower; pedicels articulate. Flowers actinomorphic, very rarely slightly zygomorphic. Sepals ± equal, margin often ciliate. Petals ± equal, spreading or reflexed. Stamens free or the filaments wholly or partially united into a tube, with or without a free margin; anthers free with a thin decurrent or non-decurrent prolongation of the connective (connective-appendage), and generally also with 2 free or ± united ventral or thecal appendages. Fruit a loculicidal capsule with 3 contractile valves, each containing 1–several seeds, rarely semisucculent and indehiscent.
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (not in Australia), usually acuminate, domatia sometimes present; stipules deciduous, usually conspicuous, often striate. Inflorescence an axillary cyme, fascicle, panicle or solitary flower. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic. Sepals ± equal to subequal. Petals equal to subequal. Staminal filaments connate or free, very short; anthers connivant, hairy or glabrous; connectives each produced into an entire membranous dorsal appendage, a ventral appendage also sometimes formed. Ovary ovoid to globular; ovules 3–12; stigma filiform, entire or 3-lobed. Fruit a globose, (2) 3-valved capsule, smooth to tuberculate. Seeds usually 3–6 per capsule, globose to obovoid, glabrous or pubescent.
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, margin entire or serrate; stipules deciduous. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, paniculate, or sometimes cymose, rarely flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, small. Sepals subequal, leathery. Petals equal or subequal, not spurred. Filaments free or ± connate, inserted inside at top of disk; connectives dilated abaxially from base or from apex into thin, scarious appendages exceeding anthers. Disk circular, slightly 5-lobed. Ovary ovoid, with few or numerous ovules; styles erect; stigmas terminal, not divided. Capsule usually 3-valved, rarely 2-valved. Seeds few, ellipsoid, glabrous or pubescent.
Stamens with filaments simple or bearing an erect dorsal appendage, free or more frequently ± united, when the fused dorsal appendages form a "free margin" to the stamen-tube; anthers free, with a thin dorsal prolongation of the connective ("connective-appendage") and frequently also two free or ± united ventral ("thecal") appendages.
Leaves alternate or, more rarely, opposite or whorled, petiolate, rarely sessile, entire or ± dentate; stipules small, enclosing the terminal bud, deciduous.
Inflorescence simple or compound, cymose or ± racemose, rarely reduced to a single flower, terminal or axillary; pedicels articulated.
Ovary with 3 placentas, each bearing 1–3 or more ovules; style usually erect; stigma terminal.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule with 3 contractile valves, rarely semi-succulent and indehiscent.
Seeds few or one per capsule, usually glabrous and smooth, with abundant fleshy endosperm.
Petals ± equal, often ± reflexed, white or greenish-white to yellow or red.
Flowers actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic.
Sepals ± equal, margin ciliolate.
Shrubs or small trees.
Life form -
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Predominantly in the understorey of primary rainforests, at very low altitude, occasionally up to 1000 m, on various soils including limestone.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Rinorea unspecified picture

Distribution

Rinorea world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Panama, Puerto Rico, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:41582-1
WFO ID wfo-4000033298
COL ID 63SB8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 730799
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cuspa Conohoria Dioryktandra Exotanthera Pentaloba Alsodeia Rinorea

Lower taxons

Rinorea disticha Rinorea dasyadena Rinorea campoensis Rinorea calophylla Rinorea cerasifolia Rinorea comosa Rinorea claessensii Rinorea camptoneura Rinorea guianensis Rinorea horneri Rinorea exappendiculata Rinorea endotricha Rinorea brachypetala Rinorea arenicola Rinorea villosiflora Rinorea zeylanica Rinorea subumbellata Rinorea mildbraedii Rinorea lindeniana Rinorea lepidobotrys Rinorea laurifolia Rinorea longicuspis Rinorea pubiflora Rinorea preussii Rinorea racemosa Rinorea oxycarpa Rinorea oraria Rinorea oblongifolia Rinorea parviflora Rinorea ilicifolia Rinorea falcata Rinorea friisii Rinorea formicaria Rinorea flavescens Rinorea astrolabes Rinorea beckeri Rinorea angustifolia Rinorea batesii Rinorea abbreviata Rinorea anguifera Rinorea javanica Rinorea umbricola Rinorea welwitschii Rinorea thomensis Rinorea tessmannii Rinorea uniflora Rinorea seleensis Rinorea laurentii Rinorea paniculata Rinorea fausteana Rinorea thomasii Rinorea oliveri Rinorea longisepala Rinorea kamerunensis Rinorea zenkeri Rinorea soyauxii Rinorea stipulata Rinorea sinuata Rinorea simoneae Rinorea sprucei Rinorea subsessilis Rinorea scorpioidea Rinorea subauriculata Rinorea gossweileri Rinorea curtirama Rinorea crassa Rinorea dewitii Rinorea dentata Rinorea decora Rinorea subintegrifolia Rinorea lanceolata Rinorea heteroclita Rinorea gilletii Rinorea verrucosa Rinorea youngii Rinorea yaundensis Rinorea insularis Rinorea iliaspaiei Rinorea macrocarpa Rinorea macrantha Rinorea molleri Rinorea microglossa Rinorea mezilii Rinorea melanodonta Rinorea mayumbensis Rinorea maximiliani Rinorea caudata Rinorea castaneoides Rinorea multinervis Rinorea letouzeyi Rinorea congesta Rinorea carolinensis Rinorea brandtii Rinorea comorensis Rinorea chevalieri Rinorea botryoides Rinorea australasica Rinorea apertior Rinorea bicornuta Rinorea belalongii Rinorea ovalifolia Rinorea zygomorpha Rinorea bahiensis Rinorea marginata Rinorea ternifolia Rinorea diversifolia Rinorea verticillata Rinorea boinensis Rinorea microphylla Rinorea pauciflora Rinorea urschii Rinorea mandrarensis Rinorea mutica Rinorea calycina Rinorea arborea Rinorea viridiflora Rinorea longipes Rinorea viridifolia Rinorea squamata Rinorea silvatica Rinorea domatiosa Rinorea ulmifolia Rinorea apiculata Rinorea afzelii Rinorea elliptica Rinorea scheffleri Rinorea tshingandaensis Rinorea convallarioides Rinorea beniensis Rinorea bengalensis Rinorea sessilis Rinorea erianthera Rinorea cornigera Rinorea monticola Rinorea auriculata Rinorea bullata Rinorea maculata Rinorea analavelensis Rinorea greveana Rinorea squamosa Rinorea pugionifera Rinorea rubra Rinorea brachythrix Rinorea crenata Rinorea hirsuta Rinorea guatemalensis Rinorea brevipes Rinorea neglecta Rinorea rubrotincta Rinorea breviracemosa Rinorea ferruginea Rinorea bengalensis Rinorea deflexa Rinorea multivenosa Rinorea albidiflora Rinorea gabunensis Rinorea bussei Rinorea ledermannii Rinorea oblanceolata Rinorea keayi Rinorea prasina Rinorea crassifolia Rinorea johnstonii Rinorea djalonensis Rinorea pilosa Rinorea aylmeri Rinorea whytei Rinorea cordata Rinorea haughtii Rinorea longistipulata Rinorea laevigata Rinorea antioquiensis Rinorea amapensis Rinorea ebolowensis Rinorea latibracteata Rinorea leiophylla Rinorea zanagensis Rinorea longiracemosa Rinorea ramiziana Rinorea hymenosepala Rinorea pectinosquamata Rinorea exappendiculata Rinorea vaupesana Rinorea albicaulis Rinorea dubia Rinorea sapinii Rinorea rudolphiana Rinorea dionysiana Rinorea kisavuensis Rinorea ituriensis Rinorea longifolia Rinorea comperei Rinorea malembaensis Rinorea subglandulosa Rinorea callmanderi Rinorea ranirisonii Rinorea niccolifera Rinorea calcicola Rinorea lualensis Rinorea liberica Rinorea adnata Rinorea microdon Rinorea cuspa Rinorea kibbiensis Rinorea sclerocarpa Rinorea sciaphila Rinorea breteleri Rinorea talbotii Rinorea raymondiana Rinorea tortuosa Rinorea adolfi-friderici Rinorea cinerea Rinorea riana Rinorea ovata Rinorea griffithii Rinorea djalonensis Rinorea acutidens Rinorea macrophylla Rinorea oubanguiensis Rinorea oppositifolia Rinorea palaucica Rinorea hummelii Rinorea deflexiflora