Triodia R.Br.

Australian spinifex (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae

Characteristics

Caespitose perennials, mostly hummock-forming, often stoloniferous, rarely rhizomatous, resinous or not. Culms strongly branched from lower nodes, usually glabrous. Leaves: sheath much wider than base of blade; orifice bearded or pubescent on margins, rarely glabrous; auricles present or not; ligule a row of hairs or a narrow ciliate membrane; blade rigid, usually tightly folded, rarely some leaves flat, often flexuose when mature, sometimes pseudopetiolate. Inflorescence a panicle or single raceme or spike. Spikelets usually solitary, usually pedicellate, occasionally sessile or subsessile, laterally compressed (often terete when young and rarely remaining so), disarticulating above the glumes and between florets. Florets few to many, bisexual or upper few incomplete, sometimes reduced to awns. Glumes persistent, usually ±equal, entire or variously notched or lobed, sometimes mucronate, rarely awned, separated by a distinct internode. Callus usually short and blunt, sometimes acute to pungent, bearded with a glossy tip. Lemma usually 2-or 3-lobed or-toothed, rarely entire, awnless or mucronate or awned; body at least partly hairy, usually becoming indurated. Palea with 2 scabrous, sometimes winged, keels. Anthers 3, terminally exserted, purple. Grain ellipsoid; hilum short, basal; embryo large.
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Perennials, caespitose, not resinous; culms simple or branched near base, erect, terete, with 3 or 4 hairy nodes. Leaves: sheaths not overlapping, without auricles; ligule a fringe of hairs; blade woody, needle-like, tightly conduplicate, terete. Inflorescence a panicle; axis once (rarely further) divided; divisions pubescent-scabrous, triquetrous or compressed. Spikelets solitary, pedicellate, terete, disarticulating above glumes; pedicel thickened at top; florets 3–6, with basal floret bisexual and remainder incomplete; rachilla internodes between florets becoming much elongated with maturity; rachilla internode above fertile floret c. 5 mm long, with palea adnate to it; upper rachilla internodes disarticulating individually with the sterile florets. Glumes 2, unequal, lanceolate-elliptic, usually acuminate or awned, faintly few-nerved. Callus pointed, curved or oblique. Basal lemma cartilaginous, entire, acuminate or aristulate, 3-nerved. Sterile lemmas 3-lobed, unequally 3-awned (upper ones ±reduced to awns), at first hidden by glumes, finally widely separated (through elongation of rachilla) and progressively longer upwards. Fruit longitudinally grooved on hilar face; hilum short.
A grass.
Life form perennial
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Environment

It is a warm temperate plant.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

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Edible seeds
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Cultivation

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