Parsonsia R.Br.

Genus

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae

Characteristics

Climbing shrubs; bark variable. Branches with or without lenticels; branchlets glabrous, puberulent or tomentose. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 or more, equal in size at a node, entire; colleters in the axils and frequently in a ring around the stem. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, corymbose, pedunculate and several times branched or with flowers clustered at inflorescence ends, few-to many-flowered; bracts small, linear or ovate; flowers 5-merous. Sepals connate at the very base, erect or reflexed, ovate to linear, with colleters inside. Corolla actinomorphic; lobes dextrorse, often so very slightly overlapping as to appear valvate; tube cylindrical or somewhat inflated; lobes reflexed, spreading or erect; outside and inside pubescent or glabrous. Stamens exserted, inserted anywhere on the corolla tube from the base to near the throat, adnate to the style head; filaments straight, bent or strongly twisted, most often pubescent; anthers usually narrowly triangular, sometimes oblong, fertile in the upper half only, the lower half sterile, laterally with lignified guide rails and sagittate appendages at the base. Disk of 5 lobes, sometimes fused into an annular ring, often with complex development of teeth at the apex. Gynoecium of 2 connate carpels, often 4-toothed at apex, glabrous. Style narrow; style head ovoid. Ovules many. Fruit of 1 follicle clearly composed of 2 locules; linear to fusiform. Seeds roughly triangular in cross section, long and narrow, bearing a coma at the end towards the apex of the fruit.
More
Woody or semi-woody climbers with twining stems, rarely stems creeping and rooting; latex usually clear, occasionally milky. Leaves opposite, petiolate; juvenile plants often heterophyllous. Inflorescence of cymes or panicles. Flowers 5-merous, occasionally 4-merous (P. kimberleyensis & P. lanceolata). Calyx with or without basal colleters inside opposite the lobes. Corolla tube usually with a ring or tufts of hairs at throat; lobes convolute, dextrorse in bud or valvate; corolline corona usually absent. Anthers connate or connivent in a cone around style-head and adhering to it, usually partly or fully exserted from tube, with 2 sterile lobes (tails) at base. Nectary scales 5, usually free. Carpels fused; ovary 2-locular; placentas axile; ovules numerous; style-head dilated, adherent to anther cone. Fruit a capsule, either terete to fusiform and pod-like, or ovoid, splitting into two follicle-like valves and 1 or 2 thin dissepiments. Seeds numerous, with a coma of long silky hairs at micropylar end.
Lianas woody, latex white. Leaves opposite. Cymes corymbose or paniculate, dichotomous, terminal or axillary, pedunculate. Flowers small. Calyx with basal glands inside or 5-scaled. Corolla salverform, tube short, hairy inside distally, faucal scales absent, lobes overlapping to right. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube or at throat; filaments long, strongly intertwisted or geniculate; anthers narrowly sagittate, exserted, glutinous, connivent into a subcylindric cone, adherent to middle of pistil head, cells with an empty tail; disc 5-lobed or 5-scaled. Ovaries 2; ovules numerous in each carpel. Style filiform; pistil head thickened, apex entire or 2-cleft. Follicles 2, terete, parallel or divergent. Seeds linear or oblong, apex crowned with coma; endosperm scanty; cotyledons very narrowly oblong, flat, radicle superior.
Fls small, in ± corymbose cymes, 5-merous; calyx us. with 5 glandular scales within; corolla-tube subcylindric, lobes spreading; stamens inserted at or near middle of tube, filaments sts twisted; anthers connivent or coherent around stigma, cells produced below. Ovary 2-loculed, style slender, ovules ∞.Fr. of 2 coherent, finally separating follicles. Seeds with tuft of hairs (coma) at apex. Mostly softly woody stemtwining lianes. Type sp. Periploca capsularis Forst. f. Some 40 spp. of tropical Asia, Malaya, Pacific Is, Australia, N.Z. The N.Z. spp. endemic.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Root system creeping-root
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Environment

Usually occurs in rainforests and vine thickets, with a few extending to semi-arid inland areas.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Parsonsia unspecified picture

Distribution

Parsonsia world distribution map, present in Australia, China, and New Zealand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331830-2
WFO ID wfo-4000028261
COL ID 63LL8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 672721
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Parsonsia Heligme Lyonsia

Lower taxons

Parsonsia alboflavescens Parsonsia appressa Parsonsia bartlensis Parsonsia brisbanensis Parsonsia brownii Parsonsia densivestita Parsonsia dorrigoensis Parsonsia eucalyptophylla Parsonsia heterophylla Parsonsia howeana Parsonsia inae Parsonsia induplicata Parsonsia kimberleyensis Parsonsia kroombitensis Parsonsia largiflorens Parsonsia leichhardtii Parsonsia lenticellata Parsonsia longipetiolata Parsonsia macrophylla Parsonsia novoguineensis Parsonsia rotata Parsonsia sankowskyana Parsonsia smithii Parsonsia sundensis Parsonsia velutina Parsonsia wildensis Parsonsia wongabelensis Parsonsia ferruginea Parsonsia fulva Parsonsia goniostemon Parsonsia grandiflora Parsonsia grayana Parsonsia hebetica Parsonsia x heterocapsa Parsonsia laevis Parsonsia langiana Parsonsia latifolia Parsonsia paulforsteri Parsonsia penangiana Parsonsia purpurascens Parsonsia terminaliifolia Parsonsia lata Parsonsia sanguinea Parsonsia vaccinioides Parsonsia aneityensis Parsonsia apiculata Parsonsia burnensis Parsonsia crebriflora Parsonsia flavescens Parsonsia franchetii Parsonsia pachycarpa Parsonsia lythroides Parsonsia capsularis Parsonsia rubra Parsonsia tenuiflora Parsonsia warenensis Parsonsia parsonsia Parsonsia blakeana Parsonsia catalpaecarpa Parsonsia celebica Parsonsia constricta Parsonsia curvisepala Parsonsia densiflora Parsonsia praeruptis Parsonsia oligantha Parsonsia ventricosa Parsonsia affinis Parsonsia flexuosa Parsonsia laxiflora Parsonsia longiflora Parsonsia longiloba Parsonsia populifolia Parsonsia schoddei Parsonsia brachiata Parsonsia edulis Parsonsia effusa Parsonsia flexilis Parsonsia diaphanophlebia Parsonsia lanceolata Parsonsia larcomensis Parsonsia lilacina Parsonsia marginata Parsonsia pedunculata Parsonsia philippinensis Parsonsia plaesiophylla Parsonsia scabra Parsonsia tenuis Parsonsia straminea