Geranium L.

Cranesbills (en), Géranium (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Geraniales > Geraniaceae

Characteristics

Pet obovate to obcordate; stamens 10, usually all with anthers (some staminodial in G. pusillum); filaments usually broadened below; stigmas 5, linear; each carpel-body (the basal, thickened portion of the carpel, filled by a seed) prolonged at maturity into a long, slender beak, these covering and adnate to the stylar column, which may project beyond the thickened portion as a slender stylar beak; carpel-bodies and their beaks typically separating acropetally from the stylar column at maturity, becoming outwardly coiled, the tip of the carpel-beak commonly remaining attached to the column at the summit, the carpel-body persistent at the basal (reflexed) end of its beak and opening ventrally to eject its seed, or sometimes the carpel-body disarticulating from its beak and separately deciduous; herbs with palmately lobed to divided or even compound lvs, the cauline ones chiefly opposite; fls pink or purple to white, commonly pedicellate in pairs at the end of axillary branches or peduncles. 300, cosmop.
More
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, sometimes with a caulorrhiza (woody rhizome or root stock), occasionally with small erect trunk, generally aromatic. Basal lvs often rosette-forming, long-petiolate, stipulate, palmately veined, lobed or compound, usually ovate to rounded or reniform. Cauline lvs similar to basal, with petiole becoming shorter, opposite near base, usually alternate above. Fls actinomorphic, single or paired, usually in cymose, bracteate, and pedunculate infls. Sepals 5, imbricate, spurless. Petals 5; claw prominent to almost 0. Fertile stamens usually 10, rarely 5 reduced to staminodes, free or nearly so, the outer antipetalous. Nectar glands 5. Ovary 5-lobed, usually with long style; ovules 2 per loculus. Fr. with long beak, the outer part of style separating into 5 long awns which generally remain attached to the mericarps, curving upwards but never twisted. Mericarps 1-seeded, sometimes releasing seed, lacking apical pits.
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial [rarely shrublets or shrubs]. Leaves simple, usually palmately divided or cleft, sometimes entire or pinnately lobed, petiolate. Basal leaves usually forming a rosette. Cauline leaves opposite or alternate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymose, bracteate. Flowers usually paired or occasionally solitary, actinomorphic, rarely somewhat zygomorphic. Sepals 5, imbricate, apex obtuse to caudate. Petals 5, distinct, sometimes clawed, apex rounded, retuse, or emarginate. Stamens 10, in 2 whorls, outer ones opposite to petals, inner ones alternating with petals, all with anthers or very rarely (in G. pusillum) 5 reduced to staminodes. Nectaries usually 5 and alternate with petals, rarely (in G. sinense) united into a ring. Ovary 5-locular, with 2 superposed ovules per locule; style distinctly 5-cleft. Fruit a schizocarp, long beaked, splitting into 5 1-seeded mericarps.
Herbs with simple or branched basal stems ('rhizomes') from which arise ± short-lived flowering stems. Leaves opposite or sometimes alternate (but not in Malesia), palmately lobed. Flowers solitary or twinned. Stamens 10, all fertile (in Mal. spp.), free. Mericarps remaining attached to the rostrum after splitting by the curved (but not spiral) awn which is almost glabrous on the inner surface. Seeds reticulate, usually ejaculated from the separating mericarp through a ventral dehiscense line.
Fls paired to solitary, occ. several per peduncle, bracted, regular or nearly so, not spurred; stamens us. 10; seeds 1 per carpel. Dehiscence by carpels curling upward, remaining attached at apex. Herbs or subshrubs with us. palmately lobed, stipulate lvs. Widely distributed genus of some 300 spp.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 17 - 56
Germination temperacture (C°) 16 - 17
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Geranium unspecified picture

Distribution

Geranium world distribution map, present in China, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327764-2
WFO ID wfo-4000015557
COL ID 4N5F
BDTFX ID 86475
INPN ID 192773
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Geranium Robertium Geranion

Lower taxons

Geranium mexicanum Geranium andicola Geranium alonsoi Geranium ussuriense Geranium aculeolatum Geranium aequale Geranium aequatoriale Geranium albicans Geranium albiflorum Geranium amatolicum Geranium arboreum Geranium ardjunense Geranium aristatum Geranium ayacuchense Geranium ayavacense Geranium balgooyi Geranium baschkyzylsaicum Geranium berteroanum Geranium bicknellii Geranium biuncinatum Geranium bohemicum Geranium brasiliense Geranium brevicaule Geranium brevipes Geranium brutium Geranium brycei Geranium caespitosum Geranium caffrum Geranium californicum Geranium camaense Geranium campanulatum Geranium cataractarum Geranium cazorlense Geranium chilloense Geranium crenatifolium Geranium cruceroense Geranium cuneatum Geranium diffusum Geranium digitatum Geranium discolor Geranium dolomiticum Geranium endressii Geranium fallax Geranium gentryi Geranium goldmanii Geranium gracile Geranium grandistipulatum Geranium gymnocaulon Geranium hanaense Geranium harveyi Geranium hayatanum Geranium hillebrandii Geranium hintonii Geranium homeanum Geranium humboldtii Geranium kauaiense Geranium koreanum Geranium lambertii Geranium laxicaule Geranium lechleri Geranium planum Geranium lentum Geranium leucanthum Geranium lignosum Geranium lilacinum Geranium linearilobum Geranium loxense Geranium maderense Geranium magellanicum Geranium magniflorum Geranium malviflorum Geranium maniculatum Geranium maximowiczii Geranium platyanthum Geranium molle Geranium monanthum Geranium nodosum Geranium paludosum Geranium pavonianum Geranium peloponesiacum Geranium petri-davisii Geranium pichinchense Geranium platypetalum Geranium platyrenifolium Geranium pogonanthum Geranium polyanthes Geranium pringlei Geranium pusillum Geranium rectum Geranium refractum Geranium reinii Geranium renardii Geranium renifolium Geranium reptans Geranium robustum Geranium rubifolium Geranium rupicolum Geranium ruprechtii Geranium sagasteguii Geranium schrenkianum Geranium scullyi Geranium sebosum Geranium seemannii Geranium sessiliflorum Geranium siamense Geranium sinense Geranium solanderi Geranium sophiae Geranium soratae Geranium sparsiflorum Geranium stoloniferum Geranium stramineum Geranium strictipes Geranium texanum Geranium thessalum Geranium thunbergii Geranium tiguense Geranium tovarii Geranium traversii Geranium trolliifolium Geranium wakkerstroomianum Geranium wardii Geranium wilfordii Geranium wlassovianum Geranium yeoi Geranium yesoense Geranium yunnanense Geranium kalenderianum Geranium jaramilloi Geranium mutisii Geranium pseudodiffusum Geranium mooreanum Geranium yoshinoi Geranium angustipetalum Geranium arachnoideum Geranium baurianum Geranium bellum Geranium bequaertii Geranium canopurpureum Geranium charucanum Geranium christensenianum Geranium clemensiae Geranium collinum Geranium comarapense Geranium contortum Geranium core-core Geranium dalmaticum Geranium deltoideum Geranium divaricatum Geranium donianum Geranium drakensbergense Geranium dregei Geranium durangense Geranium editum Geranium elamellatum Geranium exallum Geranium exellii Geranium farreri Geranium flanaganii Geranium foreroi Geranium frigidurbis Geranium glanduligerum Geranium hyperacrion Geranium hystricinum Geranium incanum Geranium jaekelae Geranium kashmirianum Geranium kilimandscharicum Geranium laetum Geranium lanuginosum Geranium lasiocaulon Geranium lasiopus Geranium latilobum Geranium leptodactylon Geranium libanoticum Geranium lindenianum Geranium mascatense Geranium meridense Geranium miahuatlanum Geranium multiceps Geranium multiflorum Geranium multisectum Geranium nanum Geranium napuligerum Geranium natalense Geranium neglectum Geranium nepalense Geranium niuginiense Geranium niveum Geranium nyassense Geranium obtusisepalum Geranium ornithopodioides Geranium palmatipartitum Geranium pamiricum Geranium paramicola Geranium pinetophilum Geranium ponticum Geranium potentillifolium Geranium potentilloides l'hér. ex Geranium pratense Geranium pulchrum Geranium pyrenaicum Geranium retrorsum l'hér. ex Geranium rhomboidale Geranium richardsonii Geranium robertianum Geranium rosthornii Geranium rotundifolium Geranium sanguineum Geranium santanderiense Geranium saxatile Geranium schiedeanum Geranium schlechteri Geranium schultzei Geranium shikokianum Geranium subacutum Geranium subglabrum Geranium subnudicaule Geranium suzukii Geranium swatense Geranium sylvaticum Geranium tablasense Geranium tafiense Geranium tenue Geranium terminale Geranium trianae Geranium tripartitum Geranium umbelliforme Geranium uralense Geranium venturianum Geranium weddellii Geranium whartonianum Geranium wilhelminae Geranium pissjaukovae Geranium probatovae Geranium kikianum Geranium berteroanum Geranium grande Geranium sergievskajae Geranium trujillense Geranium dodecatheoides Geranium potosinum Geranium ruizii Geranium oreganum Geranium reflexum Geranium antisanae Geranium atlanticum Geranium clarkei Geranium crassipes Geranium knuthii Geranium krameri Geranium krylovii Geranium libani Geranium macbridei Geranium macrostylum Geranium matucanense Geranium mlanjense Geranium monticola Geranium moupinense Geranium nakaoanum Geranium nuristanicum Geranium oaxacanum Geranium ornithopodum Geranium papuanum Geranium parodii Geranium peruvianum Geranium pilgerianum Geranium procurrens Geranium pseudosibiricum Geranium pylzowianum Geranium raimondii Geranium shensianum Geranium simense Geranium skottsbergii Geranium smithianum Geranium soboliferum Geranium solitarium Geranium stuebelii Geranium subcaulescens l'hér. ex Geranium unguiculatum Geranium xinjiangense Geranium yaanense Geranium trilophum Geranium yemense Geranium arnottianum Geranium asiaticum Geranium crenophilum Geranium hernandesii Geranium sintenisii Geranium vagans Geranium wislizeni Geranium dahuricum Geranium delavayi Geranium himalayense Geranium lazicum Geranium makmelicum Geranium albanum Geranium arabicum Geranium azorelloides Geranium canescens l'hér. Geranium costaricense Geranium favosum Geranium franchetii Geranium holosericeum Geranium affine Geranium alpicola Geranium caeruleatum Geranium hispidissimum Geranium killipii Geranium latum Geranium limae Geranium madrense Geranium ocellatum Geranium finitimum Geranium kishtvariense Geranium kotschyi Geranium kurdicum Geranium lozanoi Geranium nivale Geranium alboroseum Geranium campii Geranium andringitrense Geranium antrorsum Geranium glaberrimum Geranium jahnii Geranium lainzii Geranium persicum Geranium tuberaria Geranium velutinum Geranium wallichianum Geranium drakensbergensis Geranium ornithopodon Geranium multipartitum Geranium palmatum Geranium asphodeloides Geranium reuteri Geranium subargenteum Geranium viscosissimum Geranium ecuadoriense Geranium erianthum Geranium sericeum Geranium sibbaldioides Geranium tuberosum Geranium psilostemon Geranium ibericum Geranium argenteum Geranium sibiricum Geranium rivulare Geranium cinereum Geranium columbinum Geranium carolinianum Geranium maculatum Geranium versicolor Geranium lucidum Geranium phaeum Geranium macrorrhizum Geranium palustre Geranium purpureum Geranium dissectum