WorldFloraDB - Caladenia

Characteristics

Most above-ground parts of these terrestrial orchids are hairy. The plants have a single basal leaf that is usually much longer than wide and subtends a stiff flower stem that usually carries a single flower, but some species can have up to 6 flowers. Flower size ranges from small with 2 lateral sepals and petals projecting forwards like fingers, to large spidery flowers with spreading tepals ending in tailed, wispy or clubbed segments. A few species are distinctive for their bizarre-shaped flowers. The sepals and petals of each species are mostly very similar in size and shape. In many species the extended tips of the tepals are covered with scent-producing glands; sometimes the tips are replaced by thickened, club-like structures (osmophores) containing the glands. These glandular tails and clubs are the site of pseudopheromone production that is important for pollination. The labellum of each Caladenia species is markedly different to all the other floral segments in shape and is often also of a contrasting colour, especially the apical lobe which in many species is bright red to maroon. The labellum is hinged by a short claw to the base of the column, usually stiffly hinged but sometimes delicately balanced. Labellum shape ranges from unlobed to distinctly 3-lobed, with the lateral lobes often broad and curved upwards to flank the column; and usually arches longitudinally in a graceful curve, often with the apex recurved or coiled inwards. Labellum margins range from entire to adorned with a fringe of variously shaped marginal teeth, these sometimes fused into a thickened band. The centre of the labellum is adorned with rows of stalked or sessile, colourful calli in various shapes, decreasing in size towards the labellum apex. In some groups of Caladenia, the basal calli are a different size and colour to the rest. The column is narrowly to broadly winged and the anther carries four bilobed, flat pollinia without a viscidium. The pollen is usually yellow, occasionally white. Most Caladenia species occur as separate individuals, some form clonal colonies, and some grow in localised clonal tufts. The root system consists of a parent tuber and replacement tuber partially covered by a fibrous multilayered tunic which extends as a sheath to the soil surface and through which each annual shoot develops. Tubers are replaced annually on short droppers, the new one often deeper in the soil than the previous one. Each tuber adds a new layer of fibre to the inner side of the tunic. The sheath of old plants consists of several layers of fibre and is expanded at each point where a tuber has developed, these structures often forming an interlinked chain. At ground level the stem swells and forms a collar, which is the primary site of fungal infection.

Fl. solitary or very few in loose raceme; floral bracts us. 2–3, small. Per. glandular-pubescent; dorsal sepal uppermost, erect or ± incurved over column, us. narrow; lateral sepals and petals sub-similar and sts spreading symmetrically. Labellum very shortly clawed, half-erect, undivided or 3-lobed; margins often fringed or toothed; calli ± clavate, in ± regular longitudinal rows. Column elongate, erect to incurved, winged; anther terminal, apiculate, surface often papillose, pollinia 2 per cell, pollen finely granular; stigma discoid, inclined downwards; rostellum median. Plants terrestrial, with pilose or glandular hairs; tubers ± globose, the new ones produced ± within lf-sheaths. Lf solitary, ± hirsute, linear to lanceolate. Genus of c. 75 spp. mainly Australian but also in Malaysia and New Caledonia. The 2 N.Z. spp. both occur also in Australia, C. carnea being one of the 15 spp. originally included in the genus by Robert Brown.

Life form
Growth form	herb
Growth support	-
Foliage retention	deciduous
Sexuality	hermaphrodite
Pollination	-
Spread	-
Mature width (meter)	-
Mature height (meter)	-
Root system	fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter)	-
Root diameter (meter)	-
Flower color
Blooming months	-
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Nitrogen fixer	-
Photosynthetic pathway	-

Environment

Species of Caladenia occur in a wide range of forested, shrubby and heathy habitats from the coast to the inland plains, and from the lowlands to montane and subalpine areas. They mostly grow in soils with free drainage, but some species have adapted to seasonally moist, wet or peaty soils. Flowering is generally enhanced by hot summer fires, especially when densely overgrown vegetation is burnt.

Light	-
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Soil acidity	-
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Hardiness (USDA)

Usage

Uses	-
Edible	-
Therapeutic use	-
Human toxicity	-
Animal toxicity	-

Cultivation

Mode	-
Germination duration (days)	-
Germination temperacture (C°)	-
Germination luminosity	-
Germination treatment	-
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Optimum temperature (C°)	-
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Vigor	-
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Images

Distribution

Identifiers

LSID	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:28913-1
WFO ID	wfo-4000005934
COL ID	8VVTS
BDTFX ID	-
INPN ID	672518
Wikipedia (EN)	Link
Wikipedia (FR)	Link

Synonyms

Calonema Caladenia Cyanicula Elythranthera Ericksonella Glossodia Arachnorchis Pentisea Petalochilus

Lower taxons

Caladenia abbreviata Caladenia applanata Caladenia arenicola Caladenia arrecta Caladenia attingens Caladenia barbarella Caladenia brevisura Caladenia brownii Caladenia busselliana Caladenia chapmanii Caladenia christineae Caladenia citrina Caladenia cruscula Caladenia decora Caladenia dimidia Caladenia drakeoides Caladenia dundasiae Caladenia erythrochila Caladenia excelsa Caladenia footeana Caladenia georgei Caladenia graniticola Caladenia granitora Caladenia harringtoniae Caladenia heberleana Caladenia hiemalis Caladenia hoffmanii Caladenia interjacens Caladenia lodgeana Caladenia longifimbriata Caladenia lorea Caladenia mesocera Caladenia microchila Caladenia nivalis Caladenia nobilis Caladenia occidentalis Caladenia orientalis Caladenia pachychila Caladenia paradoxa Caladenia pendens Caladenia polychroma Caladenia postea Caladenia procera Caladenia pulchra Caladenia remota Caladenia serotina Caladenia speciosa Caladenia splendens Caladenia startiorum Caladenia thinicola Caladenia villosissima Caladenia viridescens Caladenia voigtii Caladenia vulgata Caladenia williamsiae Caladenia winfieldii Caladenia xantha Caladenia x exserta Caladenia exstans Caladenia gardneri Caladenia horistes Caladenia x hypata Caladenia x idiastes Caladenia incrassata Caladenia luteola Caladenia melanema Caladenia paludosa Caladenia pholcoidea Caladenia x resupina Caladenia saccata Caladenia x spectabilis Caladenia x tryphera Caladenia ultima Caladenia actensis Caladenia aestiva Caladenia alata Caladenia amnicola Caladenia amoena Caladenia anthracina Caladenia argocalla Caladenia atradenia Caladenia atrata Caladenia atrochila Caladenia atroclavia Caladenia attenuata Caladenia audasii Caladenia aurantiaca Caladenia australis Caladenia barbarossa Caladenia bartlettii Caladenia bicalliata Caladenia brunonis Caladenia caesarea Caladenia campbellii Caladenia capillata Caladenia carnea Caladenia caudata Caladenia chamaephylla Caladenia chlorostyla Caladenia clavigera Caladenia concinna Caladenia conferta Caladenia congesta Caladenia corynephora Caladenia cracens Caladenia crebra Caladenia cristata Caladenia curtisepala Caladenia denticulata Caladenia dienema Caladenia dilatata Caladenia dimorpha Caladenia discoidea Caladenia dorrienii Caladenia doutchiae Caladenia echidnachila Caladenia ensata Caladenia ferruginea Caladenia filamentosa Caladenia fitzgeraldii Caladenia flaccida Caladenia formosa Caladenia fulva Caladenia gladiolata Caladenia gracilis Caladenia gracillima Caladenia graminifolia Caladenia huegelii Caladenia infundibularis Caladenia insularis Caladenia iridescens Caladenia lavandulacea Caladenia leptoclavia Caladenia longiclavata Caladenia lowanensis Caladenia lyallii Caladenia magniclavata Caladenia magnifica Caladenia marginata Caladenia maritima Caladenia minor Caladenia multiclavia Caladenia nana Caladenia necrophylla Caladenia nothofageti Caladenia ornata Caladenia ovata Caladenia pallida Caladenia parva Caladenia patersonii Caladenia pectinata Caladenia picta Caladenia pilotensis Caladenia pumila Caladenia pusilla Caladenia quadrifaria Caladenia radialis Caladenia radiata Caladenia reptans Caladenia rigida Caladenia rileyi Caladenia roei Caladenia rosella Caladenia saggicola Caladenia septuosa Caladenia sigmoidea Caladenia subtilis Caladenia tensa Caladenia tonellii Caladenia transitoria Caladenia valida Caladenia venusta Caladenia wanosa Caladenia ampla Caladenia ancylosa Caladenia cremna Caladenia cretacea Caladenia grampiana Caladenia peisleyi Caladenia saxicola Caladenia flindersica Caladenia strigosa Caladenia zephyra Caladenia intuta Caladenia amplexans Caladenia arenaria Caladenia behrii Caladenia brachyscapa Caladenia brumalis Caladenia bryceana Caladenia cairnsiana Caladenia calcicola Caladenia callitrophila Caladenia cardiochila Caladenia clarkiae Caladenia clavula Caladenia coactilis Caladenia colorata Caladenia concolor Caladenia cucullata Caladenia drummondii Caladenia falcata Caladenia filifera Caladenia flavovirens Caladenia fragrantissima Caladenia hastata Caladenia helvina Caladenia hillmanii Caladenia hirta Caladenia latifolia Caladenia lobata Caladenia longicauda Caladenia longii Caladenia macroclavia Caladenia macrostylis Caladenia montana Caladenia oenochila Caladenia phaeoclavia Caladenia plicata Caladenia prolata Caladenia reticulata Caladenia rhomboidiformis Caladenia robinsonii Caladenia saccharata Caladenia sanguinea Caladenia stellata Caladenia stricta Caladenia sylvicola Caladenia tentaculata Caladenia tessellata Caladenia toxochila Caladenia triangularis Caladenia uliginosa Caladenia variegata Caladenia versicolor Caladenia vulgaris Caladenia woolcockiorum Caladenia xantholeuca Caladenia orestes Caladenia whiteheadii Caladenia ustulata Caladenia armata Caladenia atrovespa Caladenia branwhitei Caladenia cadyi Caladenia moschata Caladenia aurulenta Caladenia petrensis Caladenia interanea Caladenia saxatilis Caladenia ensigera Caladenia fuliginosa Caladenia x hopperi Caladenia pygmaea Caladenia ambusta Caladenia bigeminata Caladenia erythronema Caladenia fluvialis Caladenia hopperiana Caladenia perangusta Caladenia pluvialis Caladenia straminichila Caladenia validinervia Caladenia littoricola Caladenia dorrigoensis Caladenia ashbyae Caladenia fragrans Caladenia minorata Caladenia nikulinskyae Caladenia subglabriphylla Caladenia cruciformis Caladenia mentiens Caladenia aperta Caladenia x intermedia Caladenia bruniella Caladenia campestris Caladenia x exoleta Caladenia x suffusa Caladenia x aestantha Caladenia x coactescens Caladenia incensa Caladenia x eludens Caladenia x enigma Caladenia x erminea Caladenia cleistantha Caladenia ericksoniae Caladenia gertrudiae Caladenia integra Caladenia richardsiorum Caladenia rigens Caladenia testacea Caladenia thysanochila Caladenia variabilis Caladenia lindleyana Caladenia verrucosa Caladenia xanthochila Caladenia fuscata Caladenia flava Caladenia elegans Caladenia exilis Caladenia fuscolutescens Caladenia meridionalis Caladenia x cala Caladenia clavescens Caladenia douglasiorum Caladenia oreophila Caladenia osmera Caladenia caerulea Caladenia gemmata Caladenia ixioides Caladenia sericea Caladenia emarginata Caladenia major Caladenia leptochila Caladenia calyciformis Caladenia evanescens Caladenia catenata

Caladenia R.Br.

Spider orchids (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae